Formation of the Democratic Republic of Georgia and Basic Characteristics of its State System 1918-1921)
AbstractThe Georgia is a small county in the South of the Soviet Union and in the West of Caucasian mountains. Its geographical location between Asia and Europe, and many other factors contributed to a lot its social, politic, economic and cultural revolution. The country had been invaded by Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Caspians, Seljuks, Mongolians, Iranians, Ottomans and Russians. The promised states have tried to organize the Caucasus according to their interests. Georgia, which is at the center of these developments, decided with the Treaty of Georgiyevsk signed in the 19th century, it was under the protection of Russia, On the other hand, XX. century has been a turning point for Georgia as a turning point. The most important of these developments is the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Georgia by proclaiming independence of Georgia on May 26, 1918. Te Georgian, at the end of years of struggle for the establishment of a democratic republic, has appeared on the scene of history again. Thus, the status of being a national state which ended with the entry of Russia under its patronage has been resumed in the political form of the democratic republic. However, the independence achieved during this period lasted for three years between 1918 and 1921, due to the severe internal and external conditions the country faced and the expansionist policy of the Bolshevik Russia. With the Red Army occupying the region in 1921, Georgia emerged from being an independent state and Soviet dominance was established in the country. Georgia continued its existence under the Soviet government between 1921-1991, and in April 1991 it re-acquired its independence. This work was received in order to discuss the first independence period of Georgia and to examine the state structure created in this period. In this framework, this study starts from the period after the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution and covers the period from 1921 to the end of the 19th century.