An Overview of Mobile Network Communication Evolution (0G – 6G)
ABDULAZIZ ALDAIAH IMAN ELAWADY
AbstractCommunication systems play a crucial role in various industries and human life. Since the emergence of legacy communication systems, human lives have become more interconnected. At first, wired communication systems with short-distance connections were invented then evolved into wireless systems, which we now heavily depend on in our daily lives. Zero Generation (0G) (precellular communication systems) was the beginning of Wireless communication, followed by the First Generation (1G), which introduced cellular networks using analog transmission. The Second Generation (2G) introduced Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) systems with digital transmission technology which is regarded as more effective and robust than Analog technology. Later generations, such as Third Generation (3G) with Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and Fourth Generation (4G) with Long Term Evolution (LTE) evolved to meet new requirements. With each generation, communication capabilities have significantly advanced to break limitations of last one and meet requirements in current one. Fifth Generation (5G) has been in deployment since 2020 with many advanced technologies being leveraged due to the diverse scenarios of 5G, and research on Sixth Generation (6G) is currently in progress. In this work, we provide a thorough analysis of mobile communication systems to help researchers understand each generation specifically. Since 6G is still in the research phase and has not yet been deployed, we highlight key challenges and issues to assist researchers in identifying solutions and exploring potential 6G advancements.