Characterization and In Vitro Bioactivity of Multisubstituted Hydroxyapatite Nanopowders
AbstractNano hydroxyapatite doped with different fractions of zinc (0-0.5 mole%), silver (0-0.5 mole%), magnesium (0-0.5 mole%) and sulphate (0-0.5 mole%) ions has been synthesized successfully and rapidly through microwave irradiation technique. The impact of dopants on the phase formation and microstructure of the powders were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. XRD analysis showed that with an incorporation of Zn2+, Ag+, Mg2+and SO42- ions into HA structure resulted in peak broadening and reduced peak height due to the amorphous nature and reduced crystallinity of the resulting HA powder. The in vitro bioactivity of all materials was evaluated by immersing the samples in the Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) over 14 days at 37 °C. FESEM and EDX analysis confirmed the formation of bonelike apatite with Ca/P ratio between 1.3-1.8 on the surface of the samples. FESEM images suggest that incorporation of multi-ions into the structure increased the surface reactivity of the samples and, as a result, a higher degree of apatite growth was observed for all doped samples. The materials obtained can be considered a promising material for coating of orthopedic and dental implants in surgical applications.