SEARCH RESULT

Turkey is a rich country in historical monuments. In the district of Harran, Şanlıurfa province, the work was done, an ancient city and many other ruins beside the world's first university can be found. Considering the climate and sensitive structure of the studied region 3D modeling is a suitable technique. By means of such works reconstruction, that can show us the former state of the region will be enabled at a later point of time. In case the historical site would be destroyed in any way, it will be useful for recording the work as a visual and digital resource. Then, when the work has to be restored, the data can be used as a base and realistic restoration projects could be carried out.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

H. İ. Şenol S. Erdoğan M. ONAL M. Ulukavak A. Memduhoğlu S. MUTLU F. B. Ernst M. Yılmaz

This paper deals with a test lead by Geomatics laboratory (DICEAM, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria), concerning the application of UAV photogrammetry for survey, monitoring and checking. The study case relies with the surroundings of the Department of Agriculture Sciences. In the last years, such area was interested by landslides and survey activities carried out to take the phenomenon under control. For this purpose, a set of digital images were acquired through a UAV equipped with a digital camera and GPS. Successively, the processing for the production of a 3D georeferenced model was performed by using the commercial software Agisoft PhotoScan. Similarly, the use of a terrestrial laser scanning technique allowed to product dense cloud and 3D models of the same area. To assess the accuracy of the UAV-derived 3D models, a comparison between image and range-based methods was performed.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

V. Barrile G. Bilotta A. Nunnari

3D City modelling is increasingly popular and becoming valuable tools in managing big cities. Urban and energy planning, landscape, noise-sewage modelling, underground mapping and navigation are among the applications/fields which really depend on 3D modelling for their effectiveness operations. Several research areas and implementation projects had been carried out to provide the most reliable 3D data format for sharing and functionalities as well as visualization platform and analysis. For instance, BIMTAS company has recently completed a project to estimate potential solar energy on 3D buildings for the whole Istanbul and now focussing on 3D utility underground mapping for a pilot case study. The research and implementation standard on 3D City Model domain (3D data sharing and visualization schema) is based on CityGML schema version 2.0. However, there are some limitations and issues in implementation phase for large dataset. Most of the limitations were due to the visualization, database integration and analysis platform (Unity3D game engine) as highlighted in this paper.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

Ismail Buyuksalih Serdar Bayburt Gurcan Buyuksalih A.P. Baskaraca Hairi Karim Alias Abdul Rahman

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a coherent active microwave imaging method. In remote sensing it is used for mapping the scattering properties of the Earth’s surface in the respective wavelength domain. The algorithms for the formation of 3D radar images in multi-position interferometric systems for remote sensing of the Earth are considered. Examples of reconstruction of the relief map for systems with one and two transmit antenna are presented.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

A. A. Rozentsov N. V. Parsaev A. N. Leukhin V.I. Bezrodnyi A. A. Voronin

In this paper, a comprehensive review and performance evaluation of pansharpening algorithms for GÖKTÜRK-2 images is presented. GÖKTÜRK-2 is the first high resolution remote sensing satellite of Turkey which was designed and built in Turkey, by The Ministry of Defence, TUBITAK-UZAY and Turkish Aerospace Industry (TUSAŞ) collectively. GÖKTÜRK2 was launched at 18th. December 2012 in Jinguan, China and provides 2.5 meter panchromatic (PAN) and 5 meter multispectral (MS) spatial resolution satellite images. In this study, a large number of pansharpening algorithms are implemented and evaluated for performance on multiple GÖKTÜRK-2 satellite images. Quality assessments are conducted both qualitatively through visual results and quantitatively using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Correlation Coefficient (CC), Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM), Erreur Relative Globale Adimensionnelle de Synthése (ERGAS), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) and Universal Image Quality Index (UIQI).

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

S. Kahraman A. Ertürk

Interactive 3D architectural indoor design have been more popular after it benefited from Virtual Reality (VR) technologies. VR brings computer-generated 3D content to real life scale and enable users to observe immersive indoor environments so that users can directly modify it. This opportunity enables buyers to purchase a property off-the-plan cheaper through virtual models. Instead of showing property through 2D plan or renders, this visualized interior architecture of an on-sale unbuilt property is demonstrated beforehand so that the investors have an impression as if they were in the physical building. However, current applications either use highly resource consuming software, or are non-interactive, or requires specialist to create such environments. In this study, we have created a real-estate purposed low-cost high quality fully interactive VR application that provides a realistic interior architecture of the property by using free and lightweight software: Sweet Home 3D and Unity. A preliminary study showed that participants generally liked proposed real estate-purposed VR application, and it satisfied the expectation of the property buyers.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

K. Ozacar Yasin Ortakcı I. Kahraman Rafet Durgut Ismail Rakıp Karas

In this paper, we will expose the process of adapting a high resolution model (laser and photogrammetry) into a virtual reality application for mobile phones. It is a virtual archeology project carried out on the site of Lugo’s Mitreo, Spain.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

A. Colmenero Fdez

In complex urban and residential areas, there are buildings which are not only connected with and/or close to one another but also partially occluded by their surrounding vegetation. Moreover, there may be buildings whose roofs are made of transparent materials. In transparent buildings, there are point returns from both the ground (or materials inside the buildings) and the rooftop. These issues confuse the previously proposed building masks which are generated from either ground points or nonground points. The normalised digital surface model (nDSM) is generated from the non-ground points and usually it is hard to find individual buildings and trees using the nDSM. In contrast, the primary building mask is produced using the ground points, thereby it misses the transparent rooftops. This paper proposes a new building mask based on the non-ground points. The dominant directions of nonground lines extracted from the multispectral imagery are estimated. A dummy grid with the target mask resolution is rotated at each dominant direction to obtain the corresponding height values from the non- ground points. Three sub-masks are then generated from the height grid by estimating the gradient function. Two of these sub-masks capture planar surfaces whose height remain constant in along and across the dominant direction, respectively. The third sub-mask contains only the flat surfaces where the height (ideally) remains constant in all directions. All the submasks generated in all estimated dominant directions are combined to produce the candidate building mask. Although the application of the gradient function helps in removal of most of the vegetation, the final building mask is obtained through removal of planar vegetation, if any, and tiny isolated false candidates. Experimental results on three Australian data sets show that the proposed method can successfully remove vegetation, thereby separate buildings from occluding vegetation and detect buildings with transparent roof materials. While compared to existing building detection techniques, the proposed technique offers higher objectbased completeness, correctness and quality, specially in complex scenes with aforementioned issues. It is not only capable of detecting transparent buildings, but also small garden sheds which are sometimes as small as 5 m2 in area.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

Mohammad Awrangjeb Fasahat U. Siddiqui

Harran hosted the historical Harran University, which is considered to be the oldest university of the world. The Department of Geomatics of the modern Harran University has been charged with the design of a new master plan using Geodesign technology. Carl Steinitz developed a complete framework for doing Geodesign as applied to regional landscape studies. In this project “Geodesign Hub”, an online software for collaborative Geodesign, has been selected as the main tool. According to the Geodesign concept, data collection had to be limited to support the evaluation of the ten selected systems. The deployment of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) has been necessary in order to collect data with the required accuracy for such a vast area. Currently, works on the third model of the Geodesign framework are continuing.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

F. B. Ernst S. Erdoğan M. Yılmaz M. Ulukavak H. İ. Şenol A. Memduhoğlu

In this paper, an innovative framework, based on both spectral and spatial information, is proposed. The objective is to improve the classification of hyperspectral images for high resolution land cover mapping. The spatial information is obtained by a marker-based Minimum Spanning Forest (MSF) algorithm. A pixel-based SVM algorithm is first used to classify the image. Then, the markerbased MSF spectral-spatial algorithm is applied to improve the accuracy for classes with low accuracy. The marker-based MSF algorithm is used as a binary classifier. These two classes are the low accuracy class and the remaining classes. Finally, the SVM algorithm is trained for classes with acceptable accuracy. To evaluate the proposed approach, the Berlin hyperspectral dataset is tested. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method compared to the original MSF-based approach. It achieves approximately 5% higher rates in kappa coefficients of agreement, in comparison to the original MSF-based method.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
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Davood Akbaria

In recent years, 3D models have been created of many cities around the world. Most of the 3D city models have been introduced as completely graphic or geometric models, and the semantic and topographic aspects of the models have been neglected. In order to use 3D city models beyond the task, a generalization is necessary. CityGML is an open data model and XML-based format for the storage and exchange of virtual 3D city models. Level of Details (LoD) which is an important concept for 3D modelling, can be defined as outlined degree or prior representation of real-world objects. The paper aim is first describes some requirements of 3D model generalization, then presents problems and approaches that have been developed in recent years. In conclude the paper will be a summary and outlook on problems and future work.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

A. Uyar N. N. Ulugtekin

Indonesia is vulnerable to natural disasters, such as earthquakes or even tsunami. One of the impacts of the disaster is road damages. Therefore, a sophisticated and high quality system for road maintenance is a need for Indonesia, especially West Sumatera. The system developed will really help inform and disseminate. In addition, it facilitates to plan, design, construct, inspect and repair roads. Even if in the conditions of the disaster come. Local people in the center of the disaster will know soon. This study is aimed at developing GIS algorithm to facilitate to monitor and evaluate road conditions. In addition, it will serve as guidelines for road authorities in West Sumatera, Indonesia. Steps in development of algorithm design are divided into proposed system model, database system design, and GIS and interface design. Verification and validation are performed to assess the suitability and accuracy of the system in providing road information. The road authorities in West Sumatera considers GIS has many advantages over the existing information system used. The GIS becomes a necessity for road authorities in West Sumatera because the status of West Sumatera as a disaster-faced area demands rapid, ready, and real time information for users and the public.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

I. Kamil M. Plamonia A. Andrika B. Alias

Various studies have been carried out since 2005 under the leadership of Ministry of Environment and Urbanism of Turkey, in order to observe the quality of air in Turkey, to develop new policies and to develop a sustainable air quality management strategy. For this reason, a national air quality monitoring network has been developed providing air quality indices. By this network, the quality of the air has been continuously monitored and an important information system has been constructed in order to take precautions for preventing a dangerous situation. The biggest handicap in the network is the data access problem for instant and time series data acquisition and processing because of its proprietary structure. Currently, there is no service offered by the current air quality monitoring system for exchanging information with third party applications. Within the context of this work, a web service has been developed to enable location based querying of the current/past air quality data in Turkey. This web service is equipped with up-todate and widely preferred technologies. In other words, an architecture is chosen in which applications can easily integrate. In the second phase of the study, a web-based application was developed to test the developed web service and this testing application can perform location based acquisition of air-quality data. This makes it possible to easily carry out operations such as screening and examination of the area in the given time-frame which cannot be done with the national monitoring network.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

Şahin K Işıkdağ U

Retina is one of the important layers of the eyes, which includes sensitive cells to colour and light and nerve fibers. Retina can be displayed by using some medical devices such as fundus camera, ophthalmoscope. Hence, some lesions like microaneurysm, haemorrhage, exudate with many diseases of the eye can be detected by looking at the images taken by devices. In computer vision and biomedical areas, studies to detect lesions of the eyes automatically have been done for a long time. In order to make automated detections, the concept of ROI may be utilized. ROI which stands for region of interest generally serves the purpose of focusing on particular targets. The main concentration of this paper is the algorithm to automatically detect retinal region of interest belonging to different retinal images on a software application. The algorithm consists of three stages such as pre-processing stage, detecting ROI on processed images and overlapping between input image and obtained ROI of the image.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

E. Şehirli M. K. Turan Emrullah Demiral

With the support of ArcGIS, the vector and raster data of Guangzhou forest were handled by operation of spatial methods, finally, a raster based spatial analysis software Fragstats3.3, the forest landscape patterns of Guangzhou were analyzed in this paper. The mostly distributed forest landscape type is broad-leaved mixed forests, which occupied 40.83% of the total forest area in Guangzhou. In patch class level, the pattern of forest landscape varied largely among different districts of Guangzhou, and the urbanization greatly influenced the fragmentation of forest landscapes. The landscape diversity did not vary largely, and the diversity of the forest landscape in Guangzhou is relatively high, but the richness density was very low, reflecting the area of forest patches are relatively large in Guangzhou. In the 10 studied sub- districts of Guangzhou, Conghua and Zengcheng had the highest forest coverage rate, 70.73% and 53.45 %, respectively, followed by Huadu District (37.79%). In Huangpu District, Luogang District, Baiyun District and Panyu District, the forest coverage rate was less than 20%. There is no distribution of forest landscape in the old downtown of Guangzhou (Haizhu, Liwan and Yuexiu), Nansha also distributed scarcely forest landscape. At the landscape level, landscape diversity index and evenness index did not differ greatly among 10 sub-districts, indicating forest landscapes are highly evenly distributed in Guangzhou.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

Y.H. Zeng F.M. Wang

In this study we present a two-step map/reduce framework to stitch satellite mosaic images. The proposed system enable recognition and extraction of objects whose parts falling in separate satellite mosaic images. However this is a time and resource consuming process. The major aim of the study is improving the performance of the image stitching processes by utilizing big data framework. To realize this, we first convert the images into bitmaps (first mapper) and then String formats in the forms of 255s and 0s (second mapper), and finally, find the best possible matching position of the images by a reduce function.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

H. Sarı S. Eken A. Sayar

In this paper an extended classification approach for hyperspectral imagery based on both spectral and spatial information is proposed. The spatial information is obtained by an enhanced marker-based minimum spanning forest (MSF) algorithm. Three different methods of dimension reduction are first used to obtain the subspace of hyperspectral data: (1) unsupervised feature extraction methods including principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA), and minimum noise fraction (MNF); (2) supervised feature extraction including decision boundary feature extraction (DBFE), discriminate analysis feature extraction (DAFE), and nonparametric weighted feature extraction (NWFE); (3) genetic algorithm (GA). The spectral features obtained are then fed into the enhanced marker-based MSF classification algorithm. In the enhanced MSF algorithm, the markers are extracted from the classification maps obtained by both SVM and watershed segmentation algorithm. To evaluate the proposed approach, the Pavia University hyperspectral data is tested. Experimental results show that the proposed approach using GA achieves an approximately 8% overall accuracy higher than the original MSF-based algorithm.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

Davood Akbaria

Twenty-four crude oil samples were collected from the 24 oil fields distributed in different districts of SE-Turkey. API and Sulphur content (%), Stable Carbon Isotope, Gas Chromatography (GC), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) data were used to construct a geochemical data matrix. The aim of this study is to examine the genetic grouping or correlations in the crude oil samples, hence the number of source rocks present in the SE-Turkey. To achieve these aims, two of the multivariate statistical analysis techniques (Principle Component Analysis [PCA] and Cluster Analysis were applied to data matrix of 24 samples and 8 source specific biomarker variables/parameters. The results showed that there are 3 genetically different oil groups: Batman-Nusaybin Oils, Adıyaman-Kozluk Oils and Diyarbakir Oils, in addition to a one mixed group. These groupings imply that at least, three different source rocks are present in South-Eastern (SE) Turkey. Grouping of the crude oil samples appears to be consistent with the geographic locations of the oils fields, subsurface stratigraphy as well as geology of the area.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

K. Gürgey S. Canbolat

Remote sensing technology plays an important role today in the geological survey, mapping, analysis and interpretation, which provides a unique opportunity to investigate the geological characteristics of the remote areas of the earth's surface without the need to gain access to an area on the ground. The aim of this study is achievement a geological map of the study area. The data utilizes is Sentinel-2 imagery, the processes used in this study, the OIF Optimum Index Factor is a statistic value that can be used to select the optimum combination of three bands in a satellite image. It’s based on the total variance within bands and correlation coefficient between bands, ICA Independent component analysis (3,4,6) is a statistical and computational technique for revealing hidden factors that underlie sets of random variables, measurements, or signals, MNF Minimum Noise Fraction (1,2,3) is used to determine the inherent dimensionality of image data to segregate noise in the data and to reduce the computational requirements for subsequent processing, Optimum Index Factor is a good method for choosing the best band for lithological mapping. ICA, MNF, also a practical way to extract the structural geology maps. The results in this paper indicate that, the studied area can be divided into four main geological units: Basement rocks (Meta volcanic, Meta sediments), Sedimentary rocks, Intrusive rocks, volcanic rocks. The method used in this study offers great potential for lithological mapping, by using Sentinel-2 imagery, the results were compared with existing geologic maps and were superior and could be used to update the existing maps.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

F. Al Nahmia O. Saddiqi A. Hilali H. Rhinane L. Baidder H. El arabi K. Khanbari

The digital documentation of architectural heritage is important for monitoring, preserving, managing as well as 3B BIM modelling, time-space VR (virtual reality) applications. The unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been widely used in these application thanks to rapid developments in technology which enable the high resolution images with resolutions in millimeters. Moreover, it has become possible to produce highly accurate 3D point clouds with structure from motion (SfM) and multi-view stereo (MVS), to obtain a surface reconstruction of a realistic 3D architectural heritage model by using highoverlap images and 3D modeling software such as Context capture, Pix4Dmapper, Photoscan. In this study, digital documentation of Otag-i Humayun (The Ottoman Empire Sultan's Summer Palace) located in Davutpaşa, Istanbul / Turkey is aimed using low cost UAV. The data collections have been made with low cost UAS 3DR Solo UAV with GoPro Hero 4 with fisheye lens. The data processing was accomplished by using commercial Pix4D software. The dense point clouds, a true orthophoto and 3D solid model of the Otag-i Humayun were produced results. The quality check of the produced point clouds has been performed. The obtained result from Otag-i Humayun in Istanbul proved that, the low cost UAV with fisheye lens can be successfully used for architectural heritage documentation.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

N. Yastikli Ö. Z. Özerdem

This study explores whether specific types of green spaces (i.e. urban green spaces, forests, agricultural lands, rangelands, and wetlands) are associated with physical activity, quality of life, and cardiovascular disease prevalence. A sample of 8,976 respondents from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, conducted in 2006 in Washington State across 291 zipcodes, was analyzed. Measures included physical activity status, quality of life, and cardiovascular disease prevalence (i.e. heart attack, angina, and stroke). Percentage of green spaces was derived from the National Land Cover Dataset and measured with Geographical Information System. Multilevel regression analyses were conducted to analyze the data while controlling for age, sex, race, weight, marital status, occupation, income, education level, and zip-code population and socioeconomic situation. Regression results reveal that no green space types were associated with physical activity, quality of life, and cardiovascular disease prevalence. On the other hand, the analysis shows that physical activity was associated with general health, quality of life, and cardiovascular disease prevalence. The findings suggest that other factors such as size, structure and distribution (sprawled or concentrated, large or small), quality, and characteristics of green space might be important in general health, quality of life, and cardiovascular disease prevalence rather than green space types. Therefore, further investigations are needed.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

A. Akpinar

LiDAR systems become more and more popular because of the potential use for obtaining the point clouds of vegetation and man-made objects on the earth surface in an accurate and quick way. Nowadays, these airborne systems have been frequently used in wide range of applications such as DEM/DSM generation, topographic mapping, object extraction, vegetation mapping, 3 dimensional (3D) modelling and simulation, change detection, engineering works, revision of maps, coastal management and bathymetry. The 3D building model generation is the one of the most prominent applications of LiDAR system, which has the major importance for urban planning, illegal construction monitoring, 3D city modelling, environmental simulation, tourism, security, telecommunication and mobile navigation etc. The manual or semi-automatic 3D building model generation is costly and very time-consuming process for these applications. Thus, an approach for automatic 3D building model generation is needed in a simple and quick way for many studies which includes building modelling. In this study, automatic 3D building models generation is aimed with airborne LiDAR data. An approach is proposed for automatic 3D building models generation including the automatic point based classification of raw LiDAR point cloud. The proposed point based classification includes the hierarchical rules, for the automatic production of 3D building models. The detailed analyses for the parameters which used in hierarchical rules have been performed to improve classification results using different test areas identified in the study area. The proposed approach have been tested in the study area which has partly open areas, forest areas and many types of the buildings, in Zekeriyakoy, Istanbul using the TerraScan module of TerraSolid. The 3D building model was generated automatically using the results of the automatic point based classification. The obtained results of this research on study area verified that automatic 3D building models can be generated successfully using raw LiDAR point cloud data.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

N. Yastikli Z. Cetin

Detecting and preventing incidence with obstacles is crucial in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle navigation and control. Most of the common obstacle detection techniques are currently sensorbased. Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are not able to carry obstacle detection sensors such as radar; therefore, vision-based methods are considered, which can be divided into stereo-based and mono-based techniques. Mono-based methods are classified into two groups: Foreground-background separation, and brain-inspired methods. Brain-inspired methods are highly efficient in obstacle detection; hence, this research aims to detect obstacles using brain-inspired techniques, which try to enlarge the obstacle by approaching it. A recent research in this field, has concentrated on matching the Scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) points along with, SIFT sizeratio factor and area-ratio of convex hulls in two consecutive frames to detect obstacles. This method is not able to distinguish between near and far obstacles or the obstacles in complex environment, and is sensitive to wrong matched points. In order to solve the above mentioned problems, this research calculates the dist-ratio of matched points. Then, each and every point is investigated for Distinguishing between far and close obstacles. The results demonstrated the high efficiency of the proposed method in complex environments.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

S. Badrloo M. Varshosaz

In order to determine the necessary actions such as rehabilitation, repair and etc. required for maintaining the operating status of aging bridges, the current conditions of these structures need to be assessed. Terrestrial laser scanners that are used to capture texture-mapped point clouds have been frequently used for assessing the current conditions of these structures. Authors’ have already developed surface damage detection algorithms in their previous work. The developed algorithms are capable of detecting several damage types from the collected texture-mapped point clouds. This short paper focuses on presenting the field application of a recently developed prototype software application that uses the previously developed surface damage detection algorithms. Capabilities of the prototype software application can be listed as importing point clouds, working with images, extracting damage features such as shape and size, determining condition ratings and producing damage reports for future investigations.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

A. Güldür Erkal N. M. Apaydın

CORS-TR (TUSAGA-Aktif (Turkish National Permanent GNSS Network – Active)), serves location information at cm level accuracy in Turkey and TR Northern Cyprus in few seconds, where adequate numbers of GNSS satellites are observed and communication possibilities are present. No ground control points and benchmarks are necessary. There are 146 permanent GNSS stations within the CORS-TR System. Station data are transferred online to the main control center located in the Mapping Department of the General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre. CORS-TR System was established in 2008 and has been updated in software, hardware, communication and pricing areas from technical and administrative point of view in order to improve the system and provide better service to the users. Thus, the added value obtained from the CORS-TR System has been increased and contributed to the more efficient use of country resources. In this paper, how the technical, administrative and financial studies in the operation of the CORS-TR System were managed with a sustainable business model, studies for solving problems encountered in operating of the system, the cost / benefit analysis of the system and the sharing of experience gained from the perspective of how web-based applications are managed and the business model of the CORS-TR System are explained in detail.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

Sedat BAKICI Bilal ERKEK Ali İLBEY Erkan KULAKSIZ

High density airborne point cloud data has become an important means for modelling and maintenance of a power line corridor. Since, the amount of data in a dense point cloud is huge even in a small area, an automatic detection of pylons in the corridor can be a prerequisite for efficient and effective extraction of wires in a subsequent step. However, the existing solutions mostly overlook this important requirement by processing the whole data into one go, which nonetheless will hinder their applications to large areas. This paper presents a new pylon detection technique from point cloud data. First, the input point cloud is divided into ground and nonground points. The non-ground points within a specific low height region are used to generate a pylon mask, where pylons are found stand-alone, not connected with any wires. The candidate pylons are obtained using a connected component analysis in the mask, followed by a removal of trees by comparing area, shape and symmetry properties of trees and pylons. Finally, the parallelism property of wires with the line connecting pair of candidate pylons is exploited to remove trees that have the same area and shape properties as pylons. Experimental results show that the proposed technique provides a high pylon detection rate in terms of completeness (100%) and correctness (100%).

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

Mohammad Awrangjeb Mohammad K. Islam

In this study, we generated a Cloud GIS based watershed management system with using Cloud Computing architecture. Cloud GIS is used as SAAS (Software as a Service) and DAAS (Data as a Service). We applied GIS analysis on cloud in terms of testing SAAS and deployed GIS datasets on cloud in terms of DAAS. We used Hybrid cloud computing model in manner of using ready web based mapping services hosted on cloud (World Topology, Satellite Imageries). We uploaded to system after creating geodatabases including Hydrology (Rivers, Lakes), Soil Maps, Climate Maps, Rain Maps, Geology and Land Use. Watershed of study area has been determined on cloud using readyhosted topology maps. After uploading all the datasets to systems, we have applied various GIS analysis and queries. Results shown that Cloud GIS technology brings velocity and efficiency for watershed management studies. Besides this, system can be easily implemented for similar land analysis and management studies.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

G. Bediroğlu H. E. Colak

The coastal ecosystems are very sensitive to external influences. Coastal resources such as sand dunes, coral reefs and mangroves has vital importance to prevent coastal erosion. Human based effects also threats the coastal areas. Therefore, the change of coastal areas should be monitored. Up-todate, accurate shoreline information is indispensable for coastal managers and decision makers. Remote sensing and image processing techniques give a big opportunity to obtain reliable shoreline information. In the presented study, NIR bands of seven 1:5000 scaled digital orthophoto images of Riga Bay-Latvia have been used. The Object-oriented Simple Linear Clustering method has been utilized to extract shoreline of Riga Bay. Bend and Douglas-Peucker methods have been used to simplify the extracted shoreline to test the effect of both methods. Photogrammetrically digitized shoreline has been taken as reference data to compare obtained results. The accuracy assessment has been realised by Digital Shoreline Analysis tool. As a result, the achieved shoreline by the Bend method has been found closer to the extracted shoreline with Simple Linear Clustering method.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

B. BAYRAM A. Sen M.O. Selbesoglu I. Vārna P. Petersons N.O. Aykut D. Z. Seker

Nowadays, Unmanned Aerial System (UAS)-based photogrammetry offers an affordable, fast and effective approach to realtime acquisition of high resolution geospatial information and automatic 3D modelling of objects for numerous applications such as topography mapping, 3D city modelling, orthophoto generation, and cultural heritages preservation. In this paper, the capability of four different state-of-the-art software packages as 3DSurvey, Agisoft Photoscan, Pix4Dmapper Pro and SURE is examined to generate high density point cloud as well as a Digital Surface Model (DSM) over a historical site. The main steps of this study are including: image acquisition, point cloud generation, and accuracy assessment. The overlapping images are first captured using a quadcopter and next are processed by different software to generate point clouds and DSMs. In order to evaluate the accuracy and quality of point clouds and DSMs, both visual and geometric assessments are carry out and the comparison results are reported.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

F. Alidoost H. Arefi

DEM (Digital Elevation Models) is the best way to interpret topography on the ground. In recent years, lidar technology allows to create more accurate elevation models. However, the problem is this technology is not common all over the world. Also if Lidar data are not provided by government agencies freely, people have to pay lots of money to reach these point clouds. In this article, we will discuss how we can create digital elevation model from less accurate mobile devices’ GPS data. Moreover, we will evaluate these data on the same mobile device which we collected data to reduce cost of this modeling.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

A.İ. DURMAZ

It is necessary to keep urban growth under control according to the understanding of sustainable urban management in rapidly growing cities. In other words, sustainable urban management requires estimating how the land cover will change and in which direction the urbanization will be in the coming years, as well as knowing the current structures of the cities. Therefore, simulation models are frequently used for monitoring urban growth. The results of simulation models help to obtain background information that will be the basis for the formation of a "sustainable urban life" by allowing the determination of the natural areas that can face the threat of urbanization. The cadastral structure is one of the basic variables affecting the growth of a city. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to investigate urban growth by producing cadastral parcel-based simulation models. In the study, the cadastral maps of Sancaktepe District were examined, and over 70.000 cadastral parcels were analysed in four different time periods during the study. The land cover data required to create a simulation model were generated from cadastral maps and land registry data. The institution cadaster was started in the 1950s in the study area, and the years of 1961, 1992, 2001 and 2014 were selected as time zones of the model as a result of examining the produced maps by years. Within the scope of the study, cellular automata-based urban growth simulation models for 2070 was produced, and the land cover changes that occurred in Sancaktepe were investigated. According to the results, the direction of urbanization in the study area is from west to east. In particular, the open spaces, agricultural areas and forests in the neighbourhoods located in the east of the district are expected to be transformed into settlement areas from the short term.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

I. E. Ayazli S. Baslik A. E. Yakup D. Kotay F. Kilic Gul M. Gultekin

City furniture can be defined as all of the stable objects in the streets of a city that add usefulness to the streets enabling them to fulfil their function, including the electric poles, traffic lights and signs, phone booths, letter boxes, benches and grids, transport stops, street lamps, kiosks etc. However, in Turkey, city furniture produced and installed by various authorities may have different standards. Additionally, installed by different authorities, the data of various city furniture are scattered among the databases of various authorities. This situation makes transfer of data among authorities more difficult. Moreover, each authority has a different regulation about city furniture. This situation spoils the standard among the same type of elements. Considering all of these motives, a city furniture map should be established in order to include all city furniture. The characteristics and geographical location of city furniture should be pinned on this map. This way, situations that may harm the urban aesthetics in the positioning of city furniture will be prevented and a coordination can be created among authorities. Considering all these problems, our aim is to create a database system that can be represented on the map by classifying the aimed city furniture. Thus creating a base for the creation of city furniture maps. For example, the advertising elements that are part of the city furniture are chosen. It will also be determined by the geographical coordinates of the most suitable advertising area so as not to damage the aesthetic texture of the city. A design has been realized which aims to implement the advertising signboards in a way that will create an integrity in terms of visual aesthetics. In addition, all the parameters were found to respond to positional queries and were visualized on the map.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

H.G. Surmeneli M. Alkana

This paper inspects the deforestation of Trabzon in Turkey, due to urbanization, between 2006 and 2016. For this purpose, Landsat 7 ETM+ (Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus) images are obtained from United States Geographical Survey (USGS) archive (USGS, 2017a) and their VNIR bands related to this study are utilized. For both years, and for each band, histograms are equalized. Finally, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values are calculated as images. Resulting vegetation indexes are assessed in comparison to the binary ground truth images. A visual inspection is also done with respect to Google’s Timelapse images for each year to validate and support the results.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

C. Telkenaroglu M. Dikmen

The international initiatives developed in the context of combating global warming are based on the monitoring of Land Use, Land Use Changes, and Forests (LULUCEF). Determination of changes in land use patterns is used to determine the effects of greenhouse gas emissions and to reduce adverse effects in subsequent processes. This process, which requires the investigation and control of quite large areas, has undoubtedly increased the importance of technological tools and equipment. Remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) are intensively used tools in both scientific and practical works. Technological developments provide remote sensing techniques with the most cost-effective data production with natural sciences (forestry, agriculture, etc.) and different disciplines. The use of carrier platforms and commercially cheaper various sensors have become widespread. Lowaltitude unmanned aerial vehicles provide significant opportunities in high-resolution analyzes to monitor rapid changes in land use (Hunt et al 2010; Kooistra et al 2014). The RGB images obtained with these tools also provide the possibility to produce orthophotos where land cover, soil erosion and terrain topographical information can be obtained (d'Oleire-Oltmanns et al 2012; Bending et al 2014; Mancini et al 2013). Such devices are used in mainly biomass and land cover analyzes due to the attached NDVI, lidar, or radar cameras (Hunt et al 2010; Wallace et al 2012). In this study, multispectral cameras were used to determine the land use pattern with high sensitivity. Unmanned aerial flights were carried out in the research fields of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University campus area. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (multi-propeller hexacopter) was used as a carrier platform for aerial photographs. Preflight planning with the ground control unit was carried out with the "Mission planner" (Figure 1). The Multispectral Camera (Tetracam ADC Snap) mounted on UAV is used as a sensor. Taking into consideration of the actual land use, flight safety and the sensor characteristics used, the altitude of the aerial photography was set to 50 m, front (forward) and side overlap rates were fixed as 80% and 60%. Before the flight, the estimated resolution was 3.99 cm and a total of 88 aerial photographs have been planned. Flight information was transferred to the UAV's PixHawk flight controller. The flight was performed by taking necessary precautions within the flight area. Pixel wrench, Photoscan and ArcGIS software were used in the image processing, evaluation and visualization. The duration of the planned flight lasted about 7 minutes in light windy and cloudy weather conditions. A total of 88 aerial photographs were taken. The raw multispectral images obtained with Tetracam were processed according to the purpose using Pixel wrench 2 software (Figure 2a). Raw data were first colored and converted to TIFF format (Figure 2b) for photogrammetric processing (Heinold, 2007; Tetracam, 2017). Photoscan software was used to obtain orthophoto from aerial photographs produced in NIR / R / G bands. Based on the principle of structure from motion, photographs were initially placed on the flight path and a point cloud was obtained (Figure 3, Photoscan, 2016). Total of 57 aerial photographs could be processed and the average flight height was calculated as 53.5 m. Depending on the light and vibration, some photographs were not detected by the program. The resulting RMS error was 0.392 pixels. A computer was used for image processing with a 2 GB graphics card with an I7 processor and about 45 minutes were spent for high quality orthomosaic image production (Figure 4a). The resolution of the produced image was determined to be 3.2 cm / pixel. The orthophoto image has been converted to the WGS84 UTM Zone 37 projection using ground control points located according to the PhotoScan user’s Manuel. In the geographical coordinate process of the orthophoto image, the total RMS error was 0.09 m. The types of land use were determined from the orthophoto image using the ArcGIS program. NDVI images were classified by using the threshold values of reflection values according to the supervised classification process in ArcGIS program (Figure 4b, ESRI, 2010). NDVI values calculated from multispectral images ranged from -1 to 1. Six different land covers have been identified by classifying the NDVI values (Figure 5) such as water, soil, vegetation (low, medium and frequent density) and others (shadow, object and unidentified area and man-made objects etc.) (Table 1). Total of 60 random points were used to determine the classification accuracy (Figure 6). The classification success was 90.74% and the kappa value was 74.9% (Table 2a and 2b). The results revealed that the sensors used for mapping the actual land uses increased the success with the high-intensity UAV. Thus, three bands (NIR / Red / Green) generated from the multispectral cameras have been useful in identifying the land use differences with higher accuracy. Aerial photographs from low altitude UAVs and multispectral cameras are one of the important tools in sensitively determining changes in land use. Flight time, flight speed and altitude, lighting status and stable flight position have been found to be very important for obtaining high quality photographic products. The use of UAV- based studies are to give opportunities to obtain high quality photometric data as well as time and cost advantages than other expensive technologies (LIDAR, Satellite Images etc.).

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

T. Dindaroğlu R. Gündoğan S. Gülci

The Mobile City Guide projects are designed to overcome the problem of finding location in developing cities and to facilitate the public life in various fields such as tourism, healthcare, entertainment and etc. The applications established by the municipalities or being offered to the municipalities by private companies, aim to ease the life of the community as well as local and foreign tourists living in the municipal service area in the city. In this project, Kayseri City Guide, which is an android application that can keep the data up to date and able to instantly retrieve data, is developed. Throughout the study, a series of examinations and analyzes have been carried out by using JAVA programming language through Microsoft’s ASP.NET MVC technology for the panel section and Google’s Android Studio program for the mobile section. The fastest route directions to desired places and information about the places in Kayseri such as pharmacy, restaurants, etc. and access to them are provided with this city guide. The city guide, saving time and easing the life of people in terms of identifying the most suitable places for accommodation and locating them has been introduced.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

A. Geymen

In this paper, we propose distributed feature extraction tool from high spatial resolution remote sensing images. Tool is based on Apache Hadoop framework and Hadoop Image Processing Interface. Two corner detection (Harris and Shi-Tomasi) algorithms and five feature descriptors (SIFT, SURF, FAST, BRIEF, and ORB) are considered. Robustness of the tool in the task of feature extraction from LandSat-8 imageries are evaluated in terms of horizontal scalability.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

S. Eken E. Aydın A. Sayar

Nowadays Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in many applications for different purposes. Their benefits however are not entirely detected due to the integration capabilities of other equipment such as; digital camera, GPS, or laser scanner. The main scope of this paper is evaluating performance of cameras integrated UAV for geomatic applications by the way of Digital Terrain Model (DTM) generation in a small area. In this purpose, 7 ground control points are surveyed with RTK and 420 photographs are captured. Over 30 million georeferenced points were used in DTM generation process. Accuracy of the DTM was evaluated with 5 check points. The root mean square error is calculated as 17.1 cm for an altitude of 100 m. Besides, a LiDAR derived DTM is used as reference in order to calculate correlation. The UAV based DTM has o 94.5 % correlation with reference DTM. Outcomes of the study show that it is possible to use the UAV Photogrammetry data as map producing, surveying, and some other engineering applications with the advantages of low-cost, time conservation, and minimum field work.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

N. Polat M. Uysal

The use of automated methods to estimate crop cover fraction from digital color images has increased in recent years. Crop cover fraction can determine accurate, fast and inexpensive with this methods. A digital color images was acquired over each of the 30 sample fields in 2014 year at 2-3 week intervals. Study area has 15 sunflower fields and 15 corn fields. Digital color images were collected during 4 months, namely over the course of the growing season from sowing until harvesting to determine crop cover fraction. We used two approach to estimate crop cover fraction. In first method, the images were transformed from the RGB (red, green, blue) color space to the HSI (hue, intensity, saturation) color space. We used an object-based image analysis approach to classify the images into green vegetation and the other materials. In the second method, The Green Crop Tracker is less labor and time intensive than the object-based classification approach, is a viable alternative to ground-based methods. By comparing object-based classification method and Green Crop Tracker software 2014 growing season, results were obtained: There were high correlations between the estimations obtained by object-based classification method and Green Crop Tracker software (for 2014 R²=0.89). The relationship between two methods for 2014- 23 sunflower field was calculated R²=0.97.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

P. Karakus H. Karabork

Estimation and accurate assessment regarding population gets harder and harder day by day due to growth of world population in a fast manner. Estimating tendencies to settlements in cities and countries, socio-cultural development and population numbers is quite difficult. In addition to them, selection and analysis of parameters such as time, work-force and cost seems like another difficult issue. In this study, population number is guessed by evaluating light activities in İstanbul via night-time images of Turkey. By evaluating light activities between 2000 and 2010, average population per pixel is obtained. Hence, it is used to estimate population numbers in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Mean errors are concluded as 4.14% for 2011, 3.74% for 2012 and 3.04% for 2013 separately. As a result of developed thresholding method, mean error is concluded as 3.64% to estimate population number in İstanbul for next three years.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

M. K. Turan E. Yücer E. Şehirli Ismail Rakıp Karas

Accurate wind products generation, depends on the accuracy of sigma-0 estimation from the scatterometer data. Similar to Oceansat- 2(OSCAT) Scatterometer, SCATSAT-1 scatterometer works on dual pencil beam (Inner beam HH and Outer beam VV) approach at 13.5 GHz frequency by conically scanning the Earth surface and collecting the backscatter. The data is radar processed onboard and radiometrically corrected on ground like OSCAT, however the sensor is designed with advanced techniques and modified for providing better sigma-0 than OSCAT, thus it is required to assess the data quality. Level-1B scan Mode is the basic data and it is very significant to evaluate and monitor the quality of this data as it forms the basic input to the Level-2A cell-grid sigma-0, which in turn results to wind formation. The level-1B product carries information about the radiometry (sigma-0, SNR), geometry (Azimuth Angle, Incidence angle, geolocation), calibration constant and sigma-0 quality flag at both slice and footprint level. For evaluation of data quality these parameters are categorised into static and dynamic parameters based on the sensor scan mechanism and the wave target interaction. Doppler frequency, X-Factor, Range, incidence angle and azimuth angle are the static parameters which varies systematically over the orbit data and shows consistency and are well within the specification. Dynamic parameters like Sigma-0, SNR and Brightness Temperature (BT) are observed for the scan mode data acquired for each orbit/revolution. For calibration/validation, Sigma-0 and BT of wellknown calibrated sites (viz. Amazon Rainforest, Antarctica) are monitored and results show that variation in Sigma-0 over the Amazon rainforest is less than 0.5 dB, as expected. Results from trend analysis ensures that parameters are behaving well within the specifications and assures stability and consistency of the system.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

M. Gupta A. Sharma B. Kartikeyan

Greenhouses provide the environmental conditions to be controlled and regulated as desired while allowing agricultural products to be produced without being affected by external environmental conditions. High quality and a wide variety of agricultural products can be produced throughout the year. In addition, mapping and detection of these areas has great importance in terms of factors such as yield analysis, natural resource management and environmental impact. Various remote sensing techniques are currently available for extraction of greenhouse areas. These techniques are based on the automatic detection and interpretation of objects on remotely sensed images. In this study, greenhouse areas were determined from optical images obtained from Landsat. The study was carried out in the greenhouse areas in Karabuk province. The obtained results are presented with figures and tables.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

M. Z. Yildirim C. Ozcan

Socially important locations are places which are frequently visited by social media users in their social media lifetime. Discovering socially important locations provide several valuable information about user behaviours on social media networking sites. However, discovering socially important locations are challenging due to data volume and dimensions, spatial and temporal calculations, location sparseness in social media datasets, and inefficiency of current algorithms. In the literature, several studies are conducted to discover important locations, however, the proposed approaches do not work in computationally efficient manner. In this study, we propose Fast SS-ILM algorithm by modifying the algorithm of SS-ILM to mine socially important locations efficiently. Experimental results show that proposed Fast SS-ILM algorithm decreases execution time of socially important locations discovery process up to 20%.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

A.S. Dokuz M. Celik

Snow is an important land cover whose distribution over space and time plays a significant role in various environmental processes. Hence, snow cover mapping with high accuracy is necessary to have a real understanding for present and future climate, water cycle, and ecological changes. This study aims to investigate and compare the design and use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and support vector machines (SVMs) algorithms for fractional snow cover (FSC) mapping from satellite data. ANN and SVM models with different model building settings are trained by using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer surface reflectance values of bands 1-7, normalized difference snow index and normalized difference vegetation index as predictor variables. Reference FSC maps are generated from higher spatial resolution Landsat ETM+ binary snow cover maps. Results on the independent test data set indicate that the developed ANN model with hyperbolic tangent transfer function in the output layer and the SVM model with radial basis function kernel produce high FSC mapping accuracies with the corresponding values of R = 0.93 and R = 0.92, respectively.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

B. B. Çiftçi S. Kuter Z. Akyürek Gerhard-Wilhelm WEBER

Generating digital surface models (DSMs) by unmanned air vehicles (UAV) and mountable systems become an appropriate and common method for scientific assessments and also for engineering related works. UAV classes, the specification of mounted sensors, flight height and speed may vary according to the aim and specific scope of the research (Watts et al., 2012; Wings et al., 2014; Gülci and Akay, 2016). The UAV-based studies that include before and after the flight stages, should be well designed for the quality of produced photogrammetric data and security (Akgül et al., 2016). This study examined a multicopter (hexacopter) as an air platform to seek opportunity in generating DSM with high resolution (Table 1). Flights were performed in Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Campus area in Turkey. Preassessment of field works, mission, tests and installation were prepared by using a Laptop with an adaptive ground control station. Hand remote controller unit was also linked and activated during flight to interfere with emergency situations. Canon model IXSUS 160 was preferred as sensor. This sensor mounted on hexacopter has a record ability on the secure digital (SD) Card inside the camera, was mounted on air platform (Figure 1;2) (Remondino et al., 2011; Chao et al., 2016). Total of 8 ground control points were surveyed by using Global navigation satellite system (GNSS), which has almost millimeter accuracy in spatial measurements, and these points were considered as reference point in geo-rectification. Mission planner, which is an open-source interface software, provided flight mission to acquire block pattern. The flight altitude was defined 100 m, and the ratio of side and forward overlaps were planned as 80% (forward) and 60% (side). At the end of flight, total of 75 air photos were obtained from sensor (Figure 3). Processing and analysis of images were performed with PhotoScan, which works under the base of SfM (Structure from motion) approaches, and Cloud Compare, which is an open-source interface (Figure 4) (Westboy et al., 2012; Gülci et al., 2017; Cloud, 2017). Image processing steps by PhotoScan can be summarized as 1. identification of common points and creation of photo plane for block (alignment of photo), 2. point cloud generation, 3. image meshing, and 4. image texture (Agisoft, 2016). The initial options on image processing stages were implemented on PhotoScan as shown in Table 1. Hence, alignment of photo was completed with considering 74817 tie points detected. Then, analysis of dense cloud point generation figured out, totally, as 40.153.034 points (413.129 points/m2). Estimated image acquisition height was 111 m. The resultant resolution of the DSM and orthophoto were 4.92 cm and 2.46 cm/pix (Table 2). Briefly, topographic maps with high resolution can be derived from the use of UAV systems. It provides convenience for researchers by removing time and area constraints (Akgül et al., 2016). UAVs, which are presently defined as effective measuring instruments, can be used for measurements and evaluation studies in medium scale large fields. Accordingly, UAVs are effective tools that can produce high-precision and resolution data for use in geographic information system-based work. The orthophotos can be produced by RGB (Red-green-blue) images obtained with UAV , herewith information on terrain topography, land cover and soil erosion can be evaluated (d’Oleire-Oltmanns et al., 2012; Bending et al., 2014; Inan and Öztürk, 2016).

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

S. Gülci T. Dindaroğlu R. Gündoğan

The improving usage of internet and attained intensity of usage rate attracts the malicious in around the world. Many preventing systems are offered by researchers with different infrastructures. Very effective preventing system was proposed most recently by the researchers. The previously offered mechanism has prevented the multi-type vulnerabilities after preventing system was put into use. The attack attempts have been recorded. The researchers analysed the results geographically, discussed the obtained results and made some inference of the results. Our assessments show that the geographical findings can be used to retrieve some implication and build an infrastructure which prevents the vulnerabilities by location.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

O. Menemencioğlu İlhami Muharrem ORAK

Today, the prevention and the risk management occupy an important part of public policy activities and are considered as major components in the process of sustainable development of territories. Due to the expansion of IT processes, in particular the geomatics sciences, decision-makers are increasingly requesting for digital tools before, during and after the risks of natural disasters. Both, the geographic information system (GIS) and the remote sensing are considered as geospatial and fundamental tools which help to understand the evolution of risks, to analyze their temporality and to make the right decisions. The historic events (on 1996, 2002 and 2010) which struck the city of Mohammedia and having caused the consequent damage to vital infrastructure and private property, require a thorough and rational analyze to benefit from it and well manage the floods phenomena. This article present i) the contribution of the geospatial tools for the floods simulation of Oued of el Maleh city at various return periods. These tools allow the demarcation of flood-risk areas and so to make floods simulations in several scenarios (decadal flood, 20-year flood, 50-year flood, 100-year flood, 500-year flood & also millennial flood) and besides (ii) present a synthesis map combining the territorial stakes superposed on the flood scenarios at different periods of return.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

Mohamed Salem CHAABANE Naima ABOUALI Taieb BOUMEAZA Mohamed ZAHOUILY

In this study, aspects of Game theory and its application on water resources management combined with GIS techniques are detailed. First, each term is explained and the advantages and limitations of its aspect is discussed. Then, the nature of combinations between each pair and literature on the previous studies are given. Several cases were investigated and results were magnified in order to conclude with the applicability and combination of GIS- Game Theory- Water Resources Management. It is concluded that the game theory is used relatively in limited studies of water management fields such as cost/benefit allocation among users , water allocation among transboundary users in water resources, water quality management, groundwater management, analysis of water policies, fair allocation of water resources development cost and some other narrow fields. Also, Decision-making in environmental projects requires consideration of trade-offs between socio-political, environmental, and economic impacts and is often complicated by various stakeholder views. Most of the literature on water allocation and conflict problems uses traditional optimization models to identify the most efficient scheme while the Game Theory ,as an optimization method, combined GIS are beneficial platforms for agent based models to be used in solving Water Resources Management problems in the further studies.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

N. Ganjali C. Guney

Geographic information System (GIS) is one of the most important software and technologies used in recent time around the world. Due to the great development in Sudan in the fields of tourism and communications, there is limited use of Geographic’s information systems in the field of tourism and antiquities to contribute to marketing, analysis, and support to decision-makers. The study concerned the problems related to the spatial analysis and statistical analysis of hotels in Khartoum state and its visitors. The study aimed to develop a website for the study area, Khartoum State contains a geographical model that contains geographical databases of hotels in Khartoum state in Geographic Information Systems map and distribution of these hotels, an analytical model for the study of hotel visitors and a statistical analysis to study these categories in order to help make decisions.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

Mohamed Gamal Elamin Ahmed SaifAldin

The forested areas along the coastal zone of the Mediterranean region in Turkey are classified as first-degree fire sensitive areas. Forest fires are major environmental disaster that affects the sustainability of forest ecosystems. Besides, forest fires result in important economic losses and even threaten human lives. Thus, it is critical to determine the forested areas with fire risks and thereby minimize the damages on forest resources by taking necessary precaution measures in these areas. The risk of forest fire can be assessed based on various factors such as forest vegetation structures (tree species, crown closure, tree stage), topographic features (slope and aspect), and climatic parameters (temperature, wind). In this study, GIS-based MultiCriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) method was used to generate forest fire risk map. The study was implemented in the forested areas within Yayla Forest Enterprise Chiefs at Dursunbey Forest Enterprise Directorate which is classified as first degree fire sensitive area. In the solution process, “extAhp 2.0” plug-in running Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method in ArcGIS 10.4.1 was used to categorize study area under five fire risk classes: extreme risk, high risk, moderate risk, and low risk,. The results indicated that 23.81% of the area was of extreme risk, while 25.81% was of high risk. The result indicated that the most effective criterion was tree species, followed by tree stages. The aspect had the least effective criterion on forest fire risk. It was revealed that GIS techniques integrated with MCDA methods are effective tools to quickly estimate forest fire risk at low cost. The integration of these factors into GIS can be very useful to determine forested areas with high fire risk and also to plan forestry management after fire.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

A. E. Akay A. Erdoğan

This study (van den Dool, 2017) is a proof of concept for a global predictive wildfire model, in which the temporal–spatial characteristics of wildfires are placed in a Geographical Information System (GIS), and the risk analysis is based on data- driven fuzzy logic functions. The data sources used in this model are available as global datasets, but subdivided into three pilot areas: North America (California/Nevada), Europe (Spain), and Asia (Mongolia), and are downscaled to the highest resolution (3-arc second). The GIS is constructed around three themes: topography, fuel availability and climate. From the topographical data, six derived sub-themes are created and converted to a fuzzy membership based on the catchment area statistics. The fuel availability score is a composite of four data layers: land cover, wood loads, biomass, biovolumes. As input for the climatological sub-model reanalysed daily averaged, weather-related data is used, which is accumulated to a global weekly timewindow (to account for the uncertainty within the climatological model) and forms the temporal component of the model. The final product is a wildfire risk score (from 0 to 1) by week, representing the average wildfire risk in an area. To compute the potential wildfire risk the sub-models are combined using a Multi-Criteria Approach, and the model results are validated against the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

Gijs van den Dool

Heritage house is part of the architectural heritage of Malaysia that highly valued. Many efforts by the Department of Heritage to preserve this heritage house such as monitoring the damage problems of heritage house. The damage problems of heritage house might be caused by wooden decay, roof leakage and exfoliation of wall. One of the initiatives for maintaining and documenting this heritage house is through Three-dimensional (3D) of technology. 3D city models are widely used now and much used by researchers for management and analysis. CityGML is a standard tool that usually used by researchers to exchange, storing and managing virtual 3D city models either geometric and semantic information. Moreover, it also represent multi-scale of 3D model in five level of details (LoDs) whereby each of level give a distinctive functions. The extension of CityGML was recently introduced and can be used for problems monitoring and the number of habitants of a house.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

Zulaikha Hana Mohd Uznir Ujang Tan Liat Choon

Road disturbances are occurring in our country due to the highway-weighted transportation. These disturbances are caused by human and natural causes. Disturbances in the roads have a negative effect on human life as well as damage to the vehicles. Regardless of how it occurs, it is important to quickly detect and eliminate roadside disturbances. The use of mobile devices has become widespread with developing technologies. Today, many sensors such as GPS and accelerometer are used to detect road disturbances on mobile devices. In this context, it is important to use mobile applications for fast and in-situ detection. In this study, it is investigated the use of mobile devices' location data received from GPS sensors with special mobile interfaces in gathering road data for road disturbances.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

Levent Sabah Mehmet Şimşek

Wular lake, located at an elevation of 1520 m above sea level in Kashmir valley, India. In the present study, the immediate and long term impact of flood (2014) over the Wular lake environs was analyzed by using satellite images and employing supervised classification technique in GIS environment. The LULC classification was performed on the images of 25th August 2014 (pre flood) and 13th September 2015 (post flood) and was compared, which indicated marked decrease in terrestrial vegetation (23.7%), agriculture (43.7%) and water bodies (39.9%). Overlaying analysis was performed with pre and post flood classified images with reference to the satellite image of 10th September 2014(during flood) which indicated total area inundated during flood was 88.77 km2. With the pre-flood situation, the aquatic vegetation of 34.06 km2, 13.89 km2 of agriculture land and terrestrial vegetation of 3.13 km2 was inundated. In the post flood situation, it was also came into focus that more than the half of the area under water bodies was converted into sand deposits (22.76 km2) due to anomalous increase in siltation. The overlay analysis on post flood classified image indicated that aquatic vegetation followed by agriculture and sand deposits lie within the flood inundated area. Further spatial analysis was performed within the flood inundated area (88.77 km2) with pre and post classified image to understand the situation before and after the flood and to calculate the changes. These land use-land cover transformations signifies the ill effect of flooding on the biodiversity of Wular Lake.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

Tauseef Ahmad A.C. Pandey Amit Kumar

Digital single-lens reflex cameras (DSLR) which are commonly referred as mirrored cameras are preferred for terrestrial photogrammetric applications such as documentation of cultural heritage, archaeological excavations and industrial measurements. Recently, digital cameras which are called as mirrorless systems that can be used with different lens combinations have become available for using similar applications. The main difference between these two camera types is the presence of the mirror mechanism which means that the incoming beam towards the lens is different in the way it reaches the sensor. In this study, two different digital cameras, one with a mirror (Nikon D700) and the other without a mirror (Sony a6000), were used to apply close range photogrammetric application on the rock surface at Istanbul Technical University (ITU) Ayazaga Campus. Accuracy of the 3D models created by means of photographs taken with both cameras were compared with each other using difference values between field and model coordinates which were obtained after the alignment of the photographs. In addition, cross sections were created on the 3D models for both data source and maximum area difference between them is quite small because they are almost overlapping. The mirrored camera has become more consistent in itself with respect to the change of model coordinates for models created with photographs taken at different times, with almost the same ground sample distance. As a result, it has been determined that mirrorless cameras and point cloud produced using photographs obtained from these cameras can be used for terrestrial photogrammetric studies.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

A. H. Incekara D. Z. Seker A. Delen A. Acar

In this study, alternative tourism types and sights belonging to Safranbolu were identified through Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. In this manner, most favorable tourism activities, which are specific to field, and evaluation factors of these activities were determined. “Suitability classification values” of these factors were charted by receiving opinions from experts. Natural and cultural properties of study area were determined in the light of evaluation factors and a database was set via GIS. This database was examined according to evaluation factors of the activities and the most suitable and conditional suitable areas were determined. In this study, it is aimed to carry out the suitable place analysis for alternative tourism types of Safranbolu, which is a tourism town, such as riding, mountain biking, camping, trekking. 486 km² area for riding, 319 m² for trekking, 209 km² for mountain biking and 148 km² for camping were figured out as suitable. These results reveal that tourism activities should be more professionally organized in order to apply alternative tourism types such as riding, mountain biking, camping, trekking. In addition, organizations such as festivals and fairs should be arranged in order to introduce products special to Safranbolu.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

F. Aydın O. Çepni

Social networks are the real social experience of individuals in the online environment. In this environment, people use symbolic gestures and mimics, sharing thoughts and content. Social network analysis is the visualization of complex and large quantities of data to ensure that the overall picture appears. It is the understanding, development, quantitative and qualitative analysis of the relations in the social networks of Graph theory. Social networks are expressed in the form of nodes and edges. Nodes are people / organizations, and edges are relationships between nodes. Relations are directional, nondirectional, weighted, and weightless. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of social networks on the evaluation of person data with spatial coordinates. For this, the cluster size and the effect on the geographical area of the circle where the placements of the individual are influenced by the frequently used placeholder feature in the social networks have been studied.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

Levent Sabah Mehmet Şimşek

Air pollution is the most important environmental problem in Zonguldak city center. Since bituminous coal is used for domestic heating in houses and generating electricity in thermal power plants, particulate matter (PM10) is the leading air pollutant. Previous studies have shown that the water vapor in the troposphere is responsible for the tropospheric zenith delay in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements. In this study, data obtained from the ZONG GNSS station from Türkiye Ulusal Sabit GNSS Ağı (TUSAGA-Active network) in the central district of Zonguldak province, processed with GIPSY-OASIS II and GAMIT/GlobK software using the VMF1 mapping function, which is developed previously and considered to be the most accurate model. The resulting values were examined separately in terms of software. The meteorological parameters obtained from the Turkish State Meteorological Service and the air pollution values obtained from the Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning were analyzed and the zenith delay values were compared. When wet zenith delays of different days with different amounts of PM10 concentrations were examined in succession and under the same meteorological conditions, differences in the range of 20-40 mm on ZTD were observed.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

G. Gurbuz K. S. Gormus U. Altan

Earthquakes are natural phenomena that shake the earth and cause many damage. Since the time of arrival of the earthquakes cannot be determined directly, some signs before the earthquake should be examined and interpreted by examining the environmental changes. One of the methods used for this is monitoring the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) changes in total electron content unit (TECU). GPS satellites have begun to be used as a means of monitoring ionospheric TEC anomalies before earthquakes since they began to be used as sensors around the world. In this study, three fault type (normal, thrust and strike-slip faulting) of 28 earthquakes with a magnitude greater than 7 (Mw) and the percentage changes of TEC anomalies before the earthquakes were investigated. The ionospheric TEC anomalies before the earthquake were calculated according to the 15-day running median statistical analysis method. Different solar and geomagnetic indices have been investigated to determine the active space weather conditions and quiet days before and after the earthquake. The TEC anomalies were determined during the quiet days before the earthquake by comparing the ionospheric anomalies that occurred before the earthquake after the determination of quiet days with the indices of the space weather conditions. The results show that there is a relationship between fault type and the earthquake precursor percentage changes and were determined as 47.6% TECU for regions where normal faulting, 50.4% TECU for regions where thrust faulting, and 44.2% TECU for regions where strike-slip faulting occurred, respectively.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

M. Ulukavak M. Yalçınkaya

In this study, using technologies such as laser scanner and GPR it was desired to see their potential in the cultural heritage. Also with regard to the processing part we are compared the results obtained by the various commercial software and algorithms developed and implemented in Matlab. Moreover, Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality allow integrating the real world with historical-artistic information, laser scanners and georadar (GPR) data and virtual objects, virtually enriching it with multimedia elements, graphic and textual information accessible through smartphones and tablets.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

V. Barrile G. Bilotta G.M. Meduri D. De Carlo A. Nunnari

The dynamics of globalization have gained momentum with today's developing technology. So we are now faced with the problems of urbanization (and urban governance), which become more evident than in the old days. As the subject cities, interdisciplinary qualities must always be considered. In the study, too, the focus of the urban area was on the problematic issue of intelligent or smart (especially, transportation) management that remained within this framework. GIS plays a major role in establishing the relationship between all kinds of analyses and visual information in the same environment and in determining the right strategies. For this reason, the use of GIS for decision makers is one of the most commonly used methods for intellectual production in the smart cities concept. The work to be done with this method will be able to be systematically successful and sustainable applications in this way.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

A. C. Kocalar

Mapping and monitoring of wetlands as one of the world`s most valuable natural resource has gained importance with the developed of the remote sensing techniques. This paper presents the capabilities of Sentinel-2 successfully launched in June 2015 for mapping and monitoring wetlands. For this purpose, three different approaches were used, pixel-based, object-based and indexbased classification. Additional, for more successful extraction of wetlands, a combination of objectbased and index-based method was proposed. It was proposed the use of object-based classification for extraction of the wetlands boundaries and the use of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) for classifying the contents within the wetlands boundaries. As a study area in this paper Sakarbasi spring in Eskisehir, Turkey was chosen. The results showed successful mapping and monitoring of wetlands with kappa coefficient of 0.95.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

G. Kaplan U. Avdan

This research article is summarize the applications of remote sensing and GIS to study the urban floods risk in Al Mukalla. Satellite acquisition of a flood event on October 2015 in Al Mukalla (Yemen) by using flood risk mapping techniques illustrate the potential risk present in this city. Satellite images (The Landsat and DEM images data were atmospherically corrected, radiometric corrected, and geometric and topographic distortions rectified.) are used for flood risk mapping to afford a hazard (vulnerability) map. This map is provided by applying image-processing techniques and using geographic information system (GIS) environment also the application of NDVI, NDWI index, and a method to estimate the floodhazard areas. Four factors were considered in order to estimate the spatial distribution of the hazardous areas: flow accumulation, slope, land use, geology and elevation. The multi-criteria analysis, allowing to deal with vulnerability to flooding, as well as mapping areas at the risk of flooding of the city Al Mukalla. The main object of this research is to provide a simple and rapid method to reduce and manage the risks caused by flood in Yemen by take as example the city of Al Mukalla.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

Sultan AL-AKAD Youness AKENSOUS Mustapha HAKDAOUI

In semi-arid Sudano-Sahelian ecological zone of West Africa, tree cover is one of the important element of the local livelihood, maintained by farmers in their farmed parklands through agro-forestry practices. Spatial estimation of tree canopy cover and above ground biomass in agroforestry landscapes is of great interest for both regional resource management and environmental assessment. This study used high resolution WorldView-2 (WV-2) imagery for mapping tree crown cover and aboveground biomass in the agroforestry landscape of northern Nigeria as a case study. Geographic Object Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) was used to delineate tree crown, tree crowns extracted from WV-2 data shows a good linear relationship with reference tree crown data with R2 = 0.78. Field inventory data was used for tree level above ground biomass estimation using already developed species specific allometric equations in the West Africa. A linear model for the estimation of AGB (ton.ha-1) was developed using tree crown area (m2) extracted from WV-2 data with R2 = 0.70.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

M. Usman J.E. Nichola M. S. Wong

Megasite Management Tool (MMT) is planning and evaluation software for contaminated sites. Using different statistical modules, MMT produces maps which help decision makers in rehabilitating contaminated sites. The input data used by MMT is of geographic nature and exists as shapefile and raster format. As MMT is built using simple windows forms application, the objective of the study was to find a way to visualize geographic data and to allow the user to edit its attribute information. Therefore, the application requirement was to find GIS libraries which offer capabilities such as (1) map viewer with navigation tools (2) library to read/write geographic data and (3) software which allows free distribution of the developed components. A research on these requirements led to the discovery of MapWindow ActiveX components which not only offered these capabilities but also provided free and open source licensing options for redistribution. Although considerable amount of reports and publications exist on MMT, the major contribution provided by MapWindow libraries have been under played. The current study emphasises upon the contribution and advantages MapWindow ActiveX provides for incorporating GIS functionality to an already existing application. Similar components for other languages have also been reviewed.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

Bhaskar Reddy Pulsani

Urban climates differ distinctly from those of rural areas. In urban environments, climate change is predicted to possess a remarkable impact on levels of thermal comfort in open spaces and buildings themselves. Since outdoor areas are mostly used during daytime, the evaluation of the daytime outdoor thermal comfort is of great importance. Solar radiation that affects air and surface temperature constitute a significant proportion of daytime microclimate. This is the case not only in traditionally hot countries but also in regions of mid- and northern latitudes that presently have a moderate climate. Within these, urban environments will encounter the following problems in particular; limited air ventilation structures; the probability of increasing the thermal stress, due to the entrapment of radiation via reflection; local heat fluxes and higher heat storage capacity will increase through block layout and volume of buildings. In order to deal with urban future climate conditions, urban planners, architects, landscape architects and property developers need reliable information regarding changing microclimate condition create the suitable design component relating to building style, block layout, shading facilities, urban green and street trees; therefore, the designed environment will be appropriately adapted to future climate change (Loibl et al. 2010). Nowadays, bioclimatic planning and design are well-known concepts in the field of architecture and urban planning which have been deeply researched in the last half century. In the case of landscape architecture, this new bioclimatic concept has been revealed in the 1980s (Robinette, 1983), but has been theorised, developed and applied mostly in the last two decades (Brown and Gillespie, 1995; Attia and Duchhard, 2011). The main objective of bioclimatic landscape design is to ensure a more comfortable and safer microclimate for the human habitats, especially the urban areas. Thus, the green spaces should be planned to mitigate bioclimatic challenges such as urban heat island, wind and dust storms, air pollution, etc. (Boc, 2016). The urban heat island (UHI) effect is a fact whereby a metropolis which built environment is usually significantly warmer when compare to its rural surroundings due to hard urban surfaces (Wang and Akbari 2016; Russo et al., 2016). This occurs because (1) urban surfaces are typically darker than those of surrounding areas, (2) there is less vegetation in urban areas, and (3) buildings and street surface materials with high heat capacities, store heat during the day and release heat slowly at night (Rao, 2012; Wang and Akbari 2016). To mitigate UHI effect, the urban form will be carefully design and the use of green infrastructure will be improved. Today many studies demonstrated the benefit of vegetation, urban street trees and urban green space. (Fahmy et. al., 2011; Russo et al., 2016) As a result, greenery is typically accorded a low priority in highly developed urban areas. With limited land available for urban greenery, it is necessary to understand the thermal behavior of roadside trees in built environments, plan tree planting using appropriate methods, and identify suitable planting locations on local climate (Tan et al., 2017). These determination the selected case studies are focused on, the evaluation of microclimatic effect of roadside tree planting from the perspective of pedestrian comfort enhancement was investigated in the context of high-density cities in hot and humid climates. Within the research different scenarios for the same area from the identical climatic season are analysed through a comparative study. 24 hours simulation scenarios were run with the first scenario simulating the existing situation and the second scenario simulated the domain of different vegetation species (evergreen and deciduous species) and vegetation density (low, medium and high-density plantation). All the analysed projects are concerned with improving the microclimatic condition of urban street for pedestrian thermal comfort via landscape elements, particularly woody vegetation. Microclimatic parameters (solar radiation, air temperature, surface temperature, humidity and wind speed) have been measured on site to assess the impact of the urban street trees density in the hot and humid summer condition in June. The study area selected for this study was Adana city, because of having high population density, heavily built-up street and the critical and prevailing thermal issues (Akin et al, 2014). The population of Adana reached above 1.8 million in 2016 (Turkish Statistical Institute, 2016). Adana is a city with a hot and humid climate. The mean daily maximum air temperature is approximately 31 °C in July and August. During the summer months, the daily mean relative humidity remains high (above 80%), with values usually exceeding 85% during the night time. Because of the high humidity, cloudy conditions dominate the weather during the summer in Adana (Turkish State Meteorological Service, 2017). Therefore, we chose a site in Adana’s densely pedestrian populated and heavily built-up street as Turgut Özal Avenue for our simulation. With the aim to forecast the microclimatic changes within an urban environment, a simulation tool, ENVI-met, was used. Envi-met is a three-dimensional microclimate model designed to simulate the surface–plant–air interactions in an urban environment with a typical resolution of 0.5–10 m in space and 10 s in time. It calculates the dynamics of microclimate during a diurnal cycle [24 to 48 hours] using fundamental laws of fluid dynamics and thermos dynamics. Envi-met can be used to evaluate several aspects of urban canyons and the effects of vegetation on outdoor comfort and urban heat island mitigation several configurations were simulated. These vary depending on location, climatic conditions, building density and height, vegetation type and quantity. It can, therefore, be seen as a va

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

M. Unal C. Uslu M.F. Altunkasa

Since land contributes to about 73% of most countries Gross Domestic Product (GDP), attention on land rights have tremendously increased globally. Conflicts over land have therefore become part of the major problems associated with land administration. However, the conventional mechanisms for land conflict resolution do not provide satisfactory result to disputants due to various factors. This study sought to develop a Framework of using Participatory Geographic Information System (PGIS) for customary land conflict resolution. The framework was modelled using Unified Modelling Language (UML). The PGIS framework, called butterfly model, consists of three units namely, Social Unit (SU), Technical Unit (TU) and Decision Making Unit (DMU). The name butterfly model for land conflict resolution was adopted for the framework based on its features and properties. The framework has therefore been recommended to be adopted for land conflict resolution in customary areas.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

E. A Gyamera A. Arko-Adjei E. E Duncan J. S. Y Kuma

Recent technological developments, which has reliable accuracy and quality for all engineering works, such as remote sensing tools have wide range use in forestry applications. Last decade, sustainable use and management opportunities of forest resources are favorite topics. Thus, precision of obtained data plays an important role in evaluation of current status of forests' value. The use of aerial and terrestrial laser technology has more reliable and effective models to advance the appropriate natural resource management. This study investigates the use of terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) technology in forestry, and also the methodological data processing stages for tree volume extraction is explained. Z+F Imager 5010C TLS system was used for measure single tree information such as tree height, diameter of breast height, branch volume and canopy closure. In this context more detailed and accurate data can be obtained than conventional inventory sampling in forestry by using TLS systems. However the accuracy of obtained data is up to the experiences of TLS operator in the field. Number of scan stations and its positions are other important factors to reduce noise effect and accurate 3D modelling. The results indicated that the use of point cloud data to extract tree information for forestry applications are promising methodology for precision forestry.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

H. Yurtseven M. Akgül S. Gülci

Large part of soil losses in the Mediterranean region takes place with the gully erosion in agricultural lands and is caused by heavy rains of the early spring (Poesen, 1995). Calculation of gullies by remote sensing images obtained from satellite or aerial platforms is often not possible because gullies in agricultural fields, defined as the temporary gullies are filled in a very short time with tillage operations. Therefore, fast and accurate estimation of sediment loss with the temporary gully erosion is of great importance. Although temporary gully erosion, firstly identified in 1986 by Foster is common throughout the world, it commonly takes place in the terrains of arid and semi-arid regions where morphological activity and dynamics are high (Cassali et al., 1999). The survey area has a 30% concave topography and a slope of about 14% and a slope length of 300 m. The soils of survey area have been classified as Typic Calcixererts (Gundogan et al., 2013), and are characterized by clay loam texture, slightly alkaline and high cation exchange capacity. The skeleton material (rock fragment) content ranges from 12.2% to 30.4%. The lime content of surface soils is lower than 15% and subsoil lime content is between 44% and 66%. Organic matter content in surface horizon is 1.23% and is below 1.0% in subsoil (Gündogan et al., 2013). In this study, it is aimed to monitor and calculate soil losses caused by the gully erosion that occurs in agricultural areas with low altitude unmanned aerial vehicles. The image was taken by unmanned aerial vehicle at an altitude of 80 m on April 24, 2017 (Figure 1). A 1.82 cm resolution of digital elevation model was produced from the ortho photographs obtained from these images. In the study area, during the period of October 2016 to May 2017 (14/04/2017), the gully was formed after 40.1 mm of rainfall (Table 1). A total of 945 m gully channels has formed following this precipitation. The depth of channel ranged from 5 to 18 cm and the width ranged from 10 to 23 cm (Figure 2). According to the calculation with Pix4D (Fig. 2), gully volume was estimated to be 10.41 m3 and total loss of soil was estimated to be 14.47 Mg (Table 2). The RMSE value of estimations was found to be 0.89. The results indicated that unmanned aerial vehicles could be used in predicting temporary gully erosion and losses of soil.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

R. Gündoğan V. Alma T. Dindaroğlu H. Günal T. Yakupoğlu T. Susam K. Saltal

In this case study, metal pollution levels in mine wastes at a coal mine site in Etili coal mine (Can coal basin, NW Turkey) are evaluated using geographical information system (GIS) tools. Etili coal mine was operated since the 1980s as an open pit. Acid mine drainage is the main environmental problem around the coal mine. The main environmental contamination source is mine wastes stored around the mine site. Mine wastes were dumped over an extensive area along the riverbeds, and are now abandoned. Mine waste samples were homogenously taken at 10 locations within the sampling area of 102.33 ha. The paste pH and electrical conductivity values of mine wastes ranged from 2.87 to 4.17 and 432 to 2430 μS/cm, respectively. Maximum Al, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn and Ni concentrations of wastes were measured as 109300, 70600, 309.86, 115.2, 38 and 5.3 mg/kg, respectively. The Al, Fe and Pb concentrations of mine wastes are higher than world surface rock average values. The geochemical analysis results from the study area were presented in the form of maps. The GIS based environmental database will serve as a reference study for our future work.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

D. Sanliyuksel Yucel M. A. Yucel B. Ileri

The Disaster management aims to prevent events that result in disaster or to reduce their losses. Monitoring of engineering buildings, identification of unusual movements and taking the necessary precautions are very crucial for determination of the disaster risk so possible prevention could be taken to reduce big loss. Improving technology, increasing population due to increased construction and these areas largest economy lead to offer damage detection strategies. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is the most effective of these strategies. SHM research is very important to maintain all this structuring safely. The purpose of structural monitoring is determining in advance of possible accidents and taking necessary precaution. In this paper, determining the behaviour of construction using Global Positioning System (GPS) is investigated. For this purpose shaking table tests were performed. Shaking table was moved at different amplitude and frequency aiming to determine these movement with a GPS measuring system. The obtained data were evaluated by analysis of time series and Fast Fourier Transformation techniques and the frequency and amplitude values are calculated. By examining the results of the tests made, it will be determined whether the GPS measurement method can accurately detect the movements of the engineering structures.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

G. Oku Topal E. Gülal

Morphometric analysis is vital for any watershed investigation and it is inevitable for flood risk assessment in sub-watershed basins. Present study undertaken to carry out critical evaluation and assessment of sub watershed morphological parameters for flood risk assessment of Central Karakorum National Park (CKNP), where Geographical information system and remote sensing (GIS & RS) approach used for quantifying the parameter and mapping of sub watershed units. ASTER DEM used as a geo-spatial data for watershed delineation and stream network. Morphometric analysis carried out using spatial analyst tool of ArcGIS 10.2. The parameters included were bifurcation ratio (Rb), Drainage Texture (Rt), Circulatory ratio (Rc), Elongated ratio (Re), Drainage density (Dd), Stream Length (Lu), Stream order (Su), Slope and Basin length (Lb) have calculated separately. The analysis revealed that the stream order varies from order 1 to 6 and the total numbers of stream segments of all orders were 52. Multi criteria analysis process used to calculate the risk factor. As an accomplished result, map of sub watershed prioritization developed using weighted standardized risk factor. These results helped to understand sensitivity of flush floods in different sub watersheds of the study area and leaded to better management of the mountainous regions in prospect of flush floods.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

N. Hassan. Syed A. Adbul. Rehman D. Hussain S. Ishaq A. Ahmed. Khan

In many circumstances, it is difficult for humans to reach some areas, due to its topography, personal safety, or security regulations in the country. Governments and persons need to calculate those areas and classify the green parts for reclamation to benefit from it.To solve this problem, this research proposes to use a phantom air plane to capture a digital image for the targeted area, then use a segmentation algorithm to separate the green space and calculate it’s area. It was necessary to deal with two problems. The first is the variable elevation at which an image was taken, which leads to a change in the physical area of each pixel. To overcome this problem a fourth degree polynomial was fit to some experimental data. The second problem was the existence of different unconnected pieces of green areas in a single image, but we might be interested only in one of them. To solve this problem, the probability of classifying the targeted area as green was increased, while the probability of other untargeted sections was decreased by the inclusion of parts of it as non-green. A practical law was also devised to measure the target area in the digital image for comparison purposes with practical measurements and the polynomial fit.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

Naser A. M. Abu-Zaid

Pan-sharpened images of RASAT and GÖKTÜRK-2 satellites were generated using High Pass Filter (HPF) in this paper. GÖKTÜRK-2 satellite has 11 bits radiometric resolution, 2.5 m GSD in panchromatic band and 5 m GSD in VNIR bands whereas RASAT has 8 bits radiometric resolution, 7.5 m GSD in panchromatic band and 15 m GSD in visible bands. Quantitative analysis was carried out by spatial metric while the while the products were qualitatively analysed with visual interpretation by an expert group. The values for spatial metric were estimated as 0.9678 and 0.9542 for RASAT and GÖKTÜRK-2, respectively. It can be concluded that the success of HPF is almost satisfactory considering the optimal value of spatial metric is 1. The visual analysis shows the performance of GÖKTÜRK-2 is higher than RASAT since the higher radiometric and geometric resolution of GÖKTÜRK-2. All operations were run in SharpQ derived by the authors in Matlab environment.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

Oya Burcu BAKİOĞLU Hüseyin TOPAN Mustafa ÖZENDİ Ali CAM

This vision paper addresses the challenges and explores the avenue of solutions regarding the use of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) for transporting parcels in urban areas. We have already witnessed companies’ delivering parcels using UAS in rural areas, but the challenge of utilizing them for an urban environment is eminent. Nevertheless, the increasing research on the various aspects of UAS, including their battery life, resistance to harsh weather conditions and sensing its environment foresee their common usage in the logistics industry, especially in an urban environment. In addition, the increasing trend on 3D city modelling offer new directions regarding realistic as well as light 3D city models that are easy to modify and distribute. Utilizing UAS for transporting parcels in an urban environment would be a disruptive technological achievement as our roads will be less congested which would lead to less air pollution as well as wasted money and time. In addition, parcels could potentially be delivered much faster. This paper argues, with the support of the state-of-the-art research, that UASs will be used for transporting parcels in an urban environment in the coming decades.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

B. Anbaroğlu

The aim of this study is to conduct accuracy analyses of Land Use Land Cover (LULC) classifications derived from Sentinel2 and Landsat-8 data, and to reveal which dataset present better accuracy results. Zonguldak city and its near surrounding was selected as study area for this case study. Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrument (MSI) and Landsat-8 the Operational Land Imager (OLI) data, acquired on 6 April 2016 and 3 April 2016 respectively, were utilized as satellite imagery in the study. The RGB and NIR bands of Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 were used for classification and comparison. Pan-sharpening process was carried out for Landsat-8 data before classification because the spatial resolution of Landsat-8 (30m) is far from Sentinel2 RGB and NIR bands (10m). LULC images were generated using pixel-based Maximum Likelihood (MLC) supervised classification method. As a result of the accuracy assessment, kappa statistics for Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 data were 0.78 and 0.85 respectively. The obtained results showed that Sentinel-2 MSI presents more satisfying LULC images than Landsat8 OLI data. However, in some areas of Sea class Landsat-8 presented better results than Sentinel-2.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

A. Sekertekin A. M. Marangoz H. Akcin

Terrestrial Laser Scanners (TLS) are used frequently in three dimensional documentation studies and present an alternative method for three dimensional modeling without any deformation of scale. The segmentation studies suggest several methods for automation of curve surface determination for digital terrain modeling. Fuzzy segmentation alghorithms have been used for several studies recently. In this study, fuzzy logic approach has been used for the automatic segmentation of the regular curve surfaces which differ in their depths to the instrument. This type of shapes has been usually observed in the dome surfaces for close range architectural documentation. Gauss2mf membership functions algorithm has been tested with original data set. These results were used in photogrammetric 3D modeling process.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

B. Ergun C. Sahin T. Ustuntas

In this study, pre-processes for urban areas detection in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are examined. These preprocesses are image smoothing, thresholding and white coloured regions determination. Image smoothing is carried out to remove noises then thresholding is applied to obtain binary image. Finally, candidate urban areas are detected by using white coloured regions determination. All pre-processes are applied by utilizing the developed software. Two different SAR images which are acquired by TerraSAR-X are used in experimental study. Obtained results are shown visually.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

Ş. Altay Açar Şafak Bayır

The Sazlidere Basin is located on the European side of Istanbul within the borders of Arnavutkoy and Basaksehir districts. The total area of the basin, which is largely located within the province of Arnavutkoy, is approximately 177 km2 . The Sazlidere Basin is faced with intense urbanization pressures and land use / cover change due to the Northern Marmara Motorway, 3rd airport and Channel Istanbul Projects, which are planned to be realized in the Arnavutkoy region. Due to the mentioned projects, intense land use /cover changes occur in the basin. In this study, 2000 and 2012 dated LANDSAT images were supervised classified based on CORINE Land Cover first level to determine the land use / cover classes. As a result, four information classes were identified. These classes are water bodies, forest and semi-natural areas, agricultural areas and artificial surfaces. Accuracy analysis of the images were performed following the classification process. The supervised classified images that have the smallest mapping units 0.09 ha and 0.64 ha were generalized to be compatible with the CORINE Land Cover data. The image pixels have been rearranged by using the thematic pixel aggregation method as the smallest mapping unit is 25 ha. These results were compared with CORINE Land Cover 2000 and CORINE Land Cover 2012, which were obtained by digitizing land cover and land use classes on satellite images. It has been determined that the compared results are compatible with each other in terms of quality and quantity.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

E.B. Sarıyılmaz N. Musaoğlu N. N. Ulugtekin

Satellite navigation systems with GNSS-enabled devices, such as smartphones, car navigation systems, have changed the way users travel in outdoor environment. GNSS is generally not well suited for indoor location and navigation because of two reasons: First, GNSS does not provide a high level of accuracy although indoor applications need higher accuracies. Secondly, poor coverage of satellite signals for indoor environments decreases its accuracy. So rather than using GNSS satellites within closed environments, existing indoor navigation solutions rely heavily on installed sensor networks. There is a high demand for accurate positioning in wireless networks in GNSS-denied environments. However, current wireless indoor positioning systems cannot satisfy the challenging needs of indoor location-aware applications. Nevertheless, access to a user’s location indoors is increasingly important in the development of context-aware applications that increases business efficiency. In this study, how can the current wireless location sensing systems be tailored and integrated for specific applications, like smart cities/grids/buildings/cars and IoT applications, in GNSS-deprived areas.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

C. Guney

Urbanization, industrialization and modernization are rapidly growing in developing countries. New industrial cities, with all the problems brought on by rapid population growth, need infrastructure to support the growth. This has led to the expansion and development of the road network. A great deal of road network data has made by using traditional methods in the past years. Over time, a large amount of descriptive information has assigned to these map data, but their geometric accuracy and precision is not appropriate to today’s need. In this regard, the improvement of the geometric accuracy of road network data by preserving the descriptive data attributed to them and updating of the existing geo databases is necessary. Due to the size and extent of the country, updating the road network maps using traditional methods is time consuming and costly. Conversely, using remote sensing technology and geographic information systems can reduce costs, save time and increase accuracy and speed. With increasing the availability of high resolution satellite imagery and geospatial datasets there is an urgent need to combine geographic information from overlapping sources to retain accurate data, minimize redundancy, and reconcile data conflicts. In this research, an innovative method for a vector-to-imagery conflation by integrating several image-based and vectorbased algorithms presented. The SVM method for image classification and Level Set method used to extract the road the different types of road intersections extracted from imagery using morphological operators. For matching the extracted points and to find the corresponding points, matching function which uses the nearest neighborhood method was applied. Finally, after identifying the matching points rubber-sheeting method used to align two datasets. Two residual and RMSE criteria used to evaluate accuracy. The results demonstrated excellent performance. The average rootmean-square error decreased from 11.8 to 4.1 m.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

Abolfazl Abdollahi Hamid Reza RiyahiBakhtiari

Diabetes disrupts work by affecting the structure of the eye and afterwards leads to loss of vision. Depending on the stage of disease that called diabetic retinopathy, there are sudden loss of vision and blurred vision problems. Automated detection of vessels in retinal images is a useful study to diagnose eye diseases, disease classification and other clinical trials. The shape and structure of the vessels give information about the severity of the disease and the stage of the disease. Automatic and fast detection of vessels allows for a quick diagnosis of the disease and the treatment process to start shortly. ROI detection and vessel extraction methods for retinal image are mentioned in this study. It is shown that the Frangi filter used in image processing can be successfully used in detection and extraction of vessels.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

Furkan Sabaz Ü. ATİLA

As Building Information Modelling (BIM) thrives, geometry becomes no longer sufficient; an ever increasing variety of semantic information is needed to express an indoor model adequately. On the other hand, for the existing buildings, automatically generating semantically enriched BIM from point cloud data is in its infancy. The previous research to enhance the semantic content rely on frameworks in which some specific rules and/or features that are hand coded by specialists. These methods immanently lack generalization and easily break in different circumstances. On this account, a generalized framework is urgently needed to automatically and accurately generate semantic information. Therefore we propose to employ deep learning techniques for the semantic segmentation of point clouds into meaningful parts. More specifically, we build a volumetric data representation in order to efficiently generate the high number of training samples needed to initiate a convolutional neural network architecture. The feedforward propagation is used in such a way to perform the classification in voxel level for achieving semantic segmentation. The method is tested both for a mobile laser scanner point cloud, and a larger scale synthetically generated data. We also demonstrate a case study, in which our method can be effectively used to leverage the extraction of planar surfaces in challenging cluttered indoor environments.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

K. Babacan L. Chen G. Sohn

Over the past decade, the importance of the beekeeping activities has been emphasized in the field of biodiversity, ecosystems, agriculture and human health. Thus, efficient management and deciding correct beekeeping activities seems essential to maintain and improve productivity and efficiency. Due to this importance, considering the economic contributions to the rural area, the need for suitability analysis concept has been revealed. At this point, Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) integration provides efficient solutions to the complex structure of decision- making process for beekeeping activities. In this study, site suitability analysis via Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was carried out for Konya city in Turkey. Slope, elevation, aspect, distance to water resources, roads and settlements, precipitation and flora criteria are included to determine suitability. The requirements, expectations and limitations of beekeeping activities are specified with the participation of experts and stakeholders. The final suitability map were validated with existing 117 beekeeping locations and Turkish Statistical Institute 2016 beekeeping statistics for Konya province.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

F. Sarı D. A. Ceylan

Air temperature is an essential component of the factors used in landscape planning. At similar topographic conditions, vegetation may show considerable differences depending on air temperature and precipitation. In large areas, measuring temperature is a cost and time-consuming work. Therefore, prediction of climate variables at unmeasured sites at an acceptable accuracy is very important in regional resource planning. In addition, use a more proper prediction method is crucial since many different prediction techniques yield different performance in different landscape and geographical conditions. We compared inverse distance weighted (IDW), ordinary kriging (OK), and ordinary cokriging (OCK) to predict air temperature at unmeasured sites in Malatya region (East Central Anatolia) of Turkey. Malatya region is the most important apricot production area of Turkey and air temperature is the most important factor determining the apricot growing zones in this region. We used mean monthly temperatures from 1975 to 2010 measured at 28 sites in the study area and predicted temperature with IDW, OC, and OCK techniques, mapped temperature in the region, and tested the reliability of these maps. The OCK with elevation as an auxiliary variable occurred the best procedure to predict temperature against the criteria of model efficiency and relative root mean squared error.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

B.C. Bilgili S. Erşahin M. Özyavuz

This short paper aims to detect spatiotemporal detection of land use/land cover change within Karacabey Flooded Forest region. Change detection analysis applied to Landsat 5 TM images representing July 2000 and a Landsat 8 OLI representing June 2017. Various image processing tools were implemented using ERDAS 9.2, ArcGIS 10.4.1, and ENVI programs to conduct spatiotemporal change detection over these two images such as band selection, corrections, subset, classification, recoding, accuracy assessment, and change detection analysis. Image classification revealed that there are five significant land use/land cover types, including forest, flooded forest, swamp, water, and other lands (i.e. agriculture, sand, roads, settlement, and open areas). The results indicated that there was increase in flooded forest, water, and other lands, while the cover of forest and swamp decreased.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

A. E. Akay B. Gencal İ. Taş

Tank Information System is a web application which provides comprehensive information about minor irrigation tanks of Telangana State. As part of the program, a web mapping application using Flex and ArcGIS server was developed to make the data available to the public. In course of time as Flex be-came outdated, a migration of the client interface to the latest JavaScript based technologies was carried out. Initially, the Flex based application was migrated to ArcGIS JavaScript API using Dojo Toolkit. Both the client applications used published services from ArcGIS server. To check the migration pattern from proprietary to open source, the JavaScript based ArcGIS application was later migrated to OpenLayers and Dojo Toolkit which used published service from GeoServer. The migration pattern noticed in the study especially emphasizes upon the use of Dojo Toolkit and PostgreSQL database for ArcGIS server so that migration to open source could be performed effortlessly. The current ap-plication provides a case in study which could assist organizations in migrating their proprietary based ArcGIS web applications to open source. Furthermore, the study reveals cost benefits of adopting open source against commercial software's.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

Bhaskar Reddy Pulsani

Achieving high efficiency by taking advantage of agricultural land at a high level allows the continued vitality of the soil and also contributes to the country's economy. The land with the most fertilizer from agricultural land is generally the 1st class agricultural land (I.) followed by 2nd (II.) and 3rd class (III.) agricultural lands. It is accepted that all these lands are considered to be protected and various restrictions have been introduced to these lands. Soil conservation, use and development of balanced is possible to be defined in detail by exploiting the developing science and technology possibilities, determination well-defined properties and the implementation of policies by making the necessary plans. For this reason, Trabzon province is selected as the pilot region land use capability of agricultural land classes (especially urban-rural area and plateau) ongoing changes in the past years until today are examined depending on the land use first, second and third class. In this context, satellite images for 2002, 2005, 2009 and 2017 and land use data including the non-agricultural use of the province of Trabzon has been discussed and the temporal changes of agricultural areas depending on land use capability have been examined using Geographic Information the occurrence of construction needs. This study is a small-scale case study and the results are examined and analyzed using GIS.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

H. E. Colak T. Memisoglu

Accurate and reliable land use/land cover (LULC) information obtained by remote sensing technology is necessary in many applications such as environmental monitoring, agricultural management, urban planning, hydrological applications, soil management, vegetation condition study and suitability analysis. But this information still remains a challenge especially in heterogeneous landscapes covering urban and rural areas due to spectrally similar LULC features. In parallel with technological developments, supplementary data such as satellite-derived spectral indices have begun to be used as additional bands in classification to produce data with high accuracy. The aim of this research is to test the potential of spectral vegetation indices combination with supervised classification methods and to extract reliable LULC information from SPOT 7 multispectral imagery. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Ratio Vegetation Index (RATIO), the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) were the three vegetation indices used in this study. The classical maximum likelihood classifier (MLC) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithm were applied to classify SPOT 7 image. Catalca is selected region located in the north west of the Istanbul in Turkey, which has complex landscape covering artificial surface, forest and natural area, agricultural field, quarry/mining area, pasture/scrubland and water body. Accuracy assessment of all classified images was performed through overall accuracy and kappa coefficient. The results indicated that the incorporation of these three different vegetation indices decrease the classification accuracy for the MLC and SVM classification. In addition, the maximum likelihood classification slightly outperformed the support vector machine classification approach in both overall accuracy and kappa statistics.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

A. Karakacan Kuzucu F. Bektas Balcik

The monitoring of water quality is, in most cases, managed in the laboratory and not on real time bases. Besides this process being lengthy, it doesn’t provide the required specifications to describe the evolution of the quality parameters that are of interest. This study presents the integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with wireless sensor networks (WSN) aiming to create a system able to detect the parameters like temperature, salinity and conductivity in a Moroccan catchment scale and transmit information to the support station. This Information is displayed and evaluated in a GIS using maps and spatial dashboard to monitor the water quality in real time.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

S. Boubakri H. Rhinane

The development of mobile technologies is important in the lives of humans. Mobile devices constitute a great part of the daily lives of people. It has come to such a point that when people first wake up, they check their smart phones for the first thing. Users may share their positions with the GNSS sensors in mobile devices or they can add information about their positions in mobile applications. Users contribute to Geographical Information System with this sharing. These users consist of native (citizens) living in that geographical position not of the CBS specialists. Creating, collecting, sharing and disseminating the geographical data provided by voluntary individuals constitute the Volunteered Geographic Information System. The data in the Volunteered Geographic Information System are received from amateur users. “How reliable will the data received from amateur users instead of specialists of the field be in scientific terms?” In this study, the reliability between the data received from the voluntary users through Volunteered Geographic Information System and real data is investigated. The real data consist of the traffic accident coordinates. The data that will be received from users will be received through the speed values in the relevant coordinates and the marking of the users for possible accident points on the map.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

H. K. Sevinç I.R. KARAS

Coastal monitoring plays a vital role in environmental planning and hazard management related issues. Since shorelines are fundamental data for environment management, disaster management, coastal erosion studies, modelling of sediment transport and coastal morphodynamics, various techniques have been developed to extract shorelines. Random Forest is one of these techniques which is used in this study for shoreline extraction.. This algorithm is a machine learning method based on decision trees. Decision trees analyse classes of training data creates rules for classification. In this study, Terkos region has been chosen for the proposed method within the scope of "TUBITAK Project (Project No: 115Y718) titled" Integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Sustainable Coastal Zone Monitoring Model – Three-Dimensional Automatic Coastline Extraction and Analysis: Istanbul-Terkos Example “. Random Forest algorithm has been implemented to extract the shoreline of the Black Sea where near the lake from LANDSAT-8 and GOKTURK-2 satellite imageries taken in 2015. The MATLAB environment was used for classification. To obtain land and waterbody classes, the Random Forest method has been applied to NIR bands of LANDSAT-8 (5th band) and GOKTURK-2 (4th band) imageries. Each image has been digitized manually and shorelines obtained for accuracy assessment. According to accuracy assessment results, Random Forest method is efficient for both medium and high resolution images for shoreline extraction studies.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

B. BAYRAM F. Erdem B. Akpinar A.K. Ince S.Bozkurt H. Catal Reis D. Z. Seker

The article 718 of the civil law saying “The ownership on property includes the air above and terrain layers below to an extent providing benefit. The structures, plants and sources are included in the content of this ownership reserving the legal restrictions” and the cadastre law no. 3402 envisage 3D Cadastre. 3D data is required in order to perform 3D cadastre. To meet this requirement, oblique photogrammetry arises as the main data acquisition method. The data obtained by this method is used as base in 3D Cadastre and Land Administration activities. 3D cadastre required in the context of land administration activities in Turkey demands high resolution aerial oblique images to be used in services such as real estate value assessment & marketing in urban areas, urban planning, unlicensed construction monitoring & city administration and making location data (national address data etc.) intelligent.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

Sedat BAKICI Bilal ERKEK E. AYYILDIZ L.ÖZMÜŞ

This paper presents a brief overview of the Land Administration Domain Model (ISO 19152 standard) and studies the development of the LADM national profile of the Republic of Croatia. Suggestions for better registration of separate parts of property as well as for 3D visualization of buildings and their separate parts (apartments, office spaces, etc.) are provided through use of case examples. A unique feature identifier of the separate parts of a property as well as volume registration of those separate parts is proposed as the preliminary basis for the Croatian 3D cadastre.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

N. Vučić M. Mađer M. Roić S. Vranić

There are three main activities of General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre. These are Mapping, Land Registry and Cadastre. Geomatic Department is responsible for mapping activities. The most important projects like TUSAGA-Aktif (CORSTr), Metadata Geoportal, Orthophoto Production and orthophoto web services and preparation of Turkish NSDI Feasibility Report have been conducted and completed by this department’s specialists since 2005. TUSAGA-Aktif (CORS-Tr) System, serves location information at cm level accuracy in Turkey and TR Nortern Cyprus in few seconds, where adequate numbers of GNSS satellites are observed and communication possibilities are present. No ground control points and benchmarks are necessary. There are 146 permanent GNSS stations within the CORS-Tr System. Station data are transferred online to the main control center located in the Mapping Department of the General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre and to the control center located in the General Command of Mapping. Currently CORS-Tr has more than 9000 users. Most of them are private companies working for governmental organization. Providing data communication between control center and both GNSS station and users via trusted and good substructure is important. Additionally, protection of the system and data against cyber attacks from domestic and foreign sources is important. This paper focuses on data communication and security issues of GNSS network named TUSAGA-Aktif.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

Sedat BAKICI Bilal ERKEK Volkan MANTI Alper ALTEKİN

The degradation of buildings, or rather the decline of their initial performances following external agents both natural (coldthaw, earthquake, salt, etc.) and artificial (industrial field, urban setting, etc.), in the years lead to the necessity of developing Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) intended to give useful information for an explanation of a potential deterioration without damaging the state of buildings. An accurate examination of damages, of the repeat of cracks in condition of similar stress, indicate the existence of principles that control the creation of these events. There is no doubt that a precise visual analysis is at the bottom of a correct evaluation of the building. This paper deals with the creation of 3D models based on the capture of digital images, through autopilot flight UAV, for civil buildings situated on the area of Reggio Calabria. The following elaboration is done thanks to the use of commercial software, based on specific algorithms of the Structure from Motion (SfM) technique. SfM represents an important progress in the aerial and terrestrial survey field obtaining results, in terms of time and quality, comparable to those achievable through more traditional data capture methodologies.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

V. Barrile G. Bilotta A. Nunnari

The objectives of this paper are to 1) provide an overview of how Geographical Information Systems (GIS) approaches such as spatial analysis, modelling & mapping were employed to analyse and visualise the Hendra Virus incidence in the study area; and 2) to discuss the potential for the above approaches in the field of spatial epidemiology and disease mapping. The introduction and implementation of GIS technology in public health and epidemiology has benefited analysis of the prevalence and geographic distribution of disease outbreaks especially in a space-time sense. It is being widely used for disease monitoring, research hypotheses generation and identifying populations at risk for its high capability in data interpretation, manipulation and modelling. This paper further concentrates on discussing how GIS can be utilised by transferring spatial analysis, modelling and mapping techniques into successful disease mitigation strategies by identifying the population at-risk. This would enable disease monitoring and prevention programs by generating risk maps for potential exposure to Hendra Virus and develop priority area classifications.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

J. Burnham A. K. Chong

According to the Turkish condominium ownership system, 3D physical buildings and its condominium units are registered to the condominium ownership books via 2D survey plans. Currently, 2D representations of the 3D physical objects, causes inaccurate and deficient implementations for the determination of the land shares. Condominium ownership and easement right are established with a clear indication of land shares (condominium ownership law, article no. 3). So, the land share of each condominium unit have to be determined including the value differences among the condominium units. However the main problem is that, land share has often been determined with area based over the project before construction of the building. The objective of this study is proposing a new approach in terms of value-based land share calculations of the condominium units that subject to condominium ownership. So, the current approaches and its failure that have taken into account in determining the land shares are examined. And factors that affect the values of the condominium units are determined according to the legal decisions. This study shows that 3D BIM models can provide important approaches for the valuation problems in the determination of the land shares.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

N. Çelik Şimşek B. Uzuna

Forest fire incidences are one of the most detrimental disasters that may cause long terms effects on forest ecosystems in many parts of the world. In order to minimize environmental damages of fires on forest ecosystems, the forested areas with high fire risk should be determined so that necessary precaution measurements can be implemented in those areas. Assessment of forest fire fuel load can be used to estimate forest fire risk. In order to estimate fuel load capacity, forestry parameters such as number of trees, tree height, tree diameter, crown diameter, and tree volume should be accurately measured. In recent years, with the advancements in remote sensing technology, it is possible to use airborne LIDAR for data estimation of forestry parameters. In this study, the capabilities of using LIDAR based point cloud data for assessment of the forest fuel load potential was investigated. The research area was chosen in the Istanbul Bentler series of Bahceköy Forest Enterprise Directorate that composed of mixed deciduous forest structure.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

M. İnan E. Bilici A. E. Akay

Primer transportation is one of the most costly and time consuming forestry activities in extraction of timber from forest lands. Transportation methods are essentially determined based on terrain characteristics, especially ground slope. Besides, unsuitable machine selection and unplanned operations may cause ecological damages such as soil disturbance. Soil damage can lead to long term impacts on forest ecosystem. Thus, the optimum transportation methods should be determined by considering not only economic factors but also topographical factors and soil conditions. In recent decades, some of the advanced features of Geographical Information System (GIS) assist decision makers to solve such complex transportation problems with various constraints. In this study, it was aimed to plan forest transportation operation by using GIS integrated Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, considering ground slope, soil type, and available transportation equipment in the region. This method was implemented within the border of İnegöl Forest Enterprise Chief in the city of Bursa in Turkey. Alternative transportation method included cable system, chute system, skidder, and farm tractor. GIS-based method integrated with AHP found that skidder was the optimal transportation method for about 60% of the study area, while farm tractor was the second most suitable method with 25% ground cover. The results indicated that GIS-based decision support systems can be effectively used as rational, quick, and economic tool for forest transportation planning.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

A. E. Akay B. Yılmaz

This short paper aims to present pros and cons of current usage of ready-to-use drone images in the field of forestry also considering flight planning and photogrammetric processes. The capabilities of DJI Phantom 4, which is the low cost drone producing by Dji company, was evaluated through sample flights in Cinarpinar Forest Enterprise Chief in Kahramanmaras in Turkey. In addition, the photogrammetric workflow of obtained images and automated flight were presented with respect to capabilities of available software. The flight plans were created by using Pix4DCapture software with android based cell phone. The results indicated that high-resolution imagery obtained by drone can provide significant data for assessment of forest resources, forest roads, and stream channels.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

S. Gülci M. Akgül A. E. Akay İ. Taş

Many scholars have used microtremor applications to evaluate the vulnerability index. In order to reach fast and reliable results, microtremor measurement is preferred as it is a cost-effective method. In this paper, the vulnerability index will be reviewed by utilization of microtremor measurement results in Nicosia city. 100 measurement stations have been used to collect microtremor data and the data were analysed by using Nakamura’s method. The value of vulnerability index (Kg) has been evaluated by using the fundamental frequency and amplification factor. The results obtained by the artificial neural network (ANN) will be compared with microtremor measurements. Vulnerability Index Assessment using Neural Networks (VIANN) is a backpropagation neural network, which uses the original input microtremor Horizontal Vertical Spectrum Ratio (HVSR) spectrum set. A 3-layer back propagation neural network which contains 4096 input, 28 hidden and 3 output neurons are used in this suggested system. The output neurons are classified according to acceleration sensitivity zone, velocity zones, or displacement zones. The sites are classified by their vulnerability index values using binary coding: [1 0 0] for the acceleration sensitive zone, [0 1 0] for the velocity sensitive zone, and [0 0 1] for the displacement sensitive zone.

International Workshop on GeoInformation Science
GEOADVANCES

H. Dindar K. Dimililer Ö. C. Özdağ C. Atalar M. Akgün A. Özyankı